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Review
. 2015 May:479-480:259-70.
doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.017. Epub 2015 Mar 26.

Ferret models of viral pathogenesis

T Enkirch  1 , V von Messling  2
Affiliations
Review

Ferret models of viral pathogenesis

T Enkirch et al. Virology. 2015 May.

Abstract

Emerging and well-known viral diseases remain one the most important global public health threats. A better understanding of their pathogenesis and mechanisms of transmission requires animal models that accurately reproduce these aspects of the disease. Here we review the role of ferrets as an animal model for the pathogenesis of different respiratory viruses with an emphasis on influenza and paramyxoviruses. We will describe the anatomic and physiologic characteristics that contribute to the natural susceptibility of ferrets to these viruses, and provide an overview of the approaches available to analyze their immune responses. Recent insights gained using this model will be highlighted, including the development of new prophylactic and therapeutic approaches. To provide decision criteria for the use of this animal model, its strengths and limitations will be discussed.

Keywords: Animal model; Ferret; Immune response evaluation; Influenza viruses; Paramyxoviruses; Pathogenesis studies; Vaccine and drug safety and efficacy assessment.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Examples of different cage types for ferret housing. Longterm free-range housing in same sex groups. Environmental enrichment like hammocks, tubes, and additional levels for climbing are provided (A, B). During ongoing experiments the animals are housed in pairs in different cage types connected by tubes or openings in separating walls (C, D).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Large volume blood collection sites. The anterior vena cava (A, B) and the internal jugular vein (C) allow collection of larger blood volumes.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Viruses investigated in ferrets. Viruses from different families discussed in this review that have been studied in ferrets.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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