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. 2014 Jun;5(2):111-20.
doi: 10.1007/s13539-014-0134-1. Epub 2014 Feb 12.

Reductions in C-reactive protein in older adults with type 2 diabetes are related to improvements in body composition following a randomized controlled trial of resistance training

Yorgi Mavros  1 , Shelley Kay, Kylie A Simpson, Michael K Baker, Yi Wang, Ren R Zhao, Jacinda Meiklejohn, Mike Climstein, Anthony J O'Sullivan, Nathan de Vos, Bernhard T Baune, Steven N Blair, David Simar, Kieron Rooney, Nalin A Singh, Maria A Fiatarone Singh
Affiliations

Reductions in C-reactive protein in older adults with type 2 diabetes are related to improvements in body composition following a randomized controlled trial of resistance training

Yorgi Mavros et al. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2014 Jun.

Abstract

Background: Reductions in skeletal muscle mass and increased adiposity are key elements in the aging process and in the pathophysiology of several chronic diseases. Systemic low grade inflammation associated with obesity has been shown to accelerate the age-related decline in skeletal muscle. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effects of 12 months of progressive resistance training (PRT) on systemic inflammation, and whether reductions in systemic inflammation were associated with changes in body composition. We hypothesized that reductions in systemic inflammation following 12 months of PRT in older adults with type 2 diabetes would be associated with reductions in adiposity and increases in skeletal muscle mass.

Methods: Participants (n = 103) were randomized to receive either PRT or sham-exercise, 3 days a week for 12 months. C-reactive protein (CRP) was used to assess systemic inflammation. Skeletal muscle mass and total fat mass were determined using bioelectrical impedance.

Results: Twelve months of PRT tended to reduce CRP compared to sham exercise (β = -0.25, p = 0.087). Using linear mixed-effects models, the hypothesized relationships between body composition adaptations and CRP changes were significantly stronger for skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.04) and tended to be stronger for total fat mass (p = 0.07) following PRT when compared to sham-exercise. Using univariate regression models, stratified by group allocation, reductions in CRP were associated with increases in skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.01) and reductions in total fat mass (p = 0.02) in the PRT group, but not in the sham-exercise group (p = 0.87 and p = 0.32, respectively).

Conclusions: We have shown for the first time that reductions in systemic inflammation in older adults with type 2 diabetes following PRT were associated with increases in skeletal muscle mass. Furthermore, reductions in CRP were associated with reductions in adiposity, but only when associated with PRT. Lifestyle interventions aimed at reducing systemic inflammation in older adults with type 2 diabetes should therefore incorporate anabolic exercise such as PRT to optimize the anti-inflammatory benefits of favorable body composition adaptations.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
CONSORT participant flow chart. PRT progressive resistance training. a Forty-one participants were derived from 11 participants with baseline data only, 2 participants with 12-month data only, and 28 participants with both baseline and 12-month data. b Forty-one participants were derived from 8 participants with baseline data only, 5 participants with 12-month data only, and 34 participants with both baseline and 12-month data
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Changes in body composition vs. changes in CRP. CRP C-reactive protein. a Reductions in CRP were related to increases in skeletal muscle mass in the PRT group (closed circles, solid line; r = −0.48, p = 0.01) but not in the sham-exercise group (open squares, dashed line; r = 0.03, p = 0.87). Linear mixed-effects models showed that the relationship within the PRT group was significantly different to the relationship in sham-exercise group (β = −0.23, p = 0.04). b Reductions in CRP were directly related to reductions in total fat mass in the PRT group (closed circles, solid line; r = 0.45, p = 0.02) but not in the SHAM group (open squares, dashed line; r = −0.18, p = 0.32). Our linear mixed-effects models showed that the relationship within the PRT group tended to be significantly different to the relationship in sham-exercise group (β = 0.09, p = 0.07)
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