Regulation of claudins in blood-tissue barriers under physiological and pathological states

doi:10.4161/tisb.24782

Review

. 2013 Jul 1;1(3):e24782.

doi: 10.4161/tisb.24782. Epub 2013 May 30.

Regulation of claudins in blood-tissue barriers under physiological and pathological states

Andreia Gonçalves¹, António Francisco Ambrósio², Rosa Fernandes³

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; IBILI - Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Coimbra, Portugal.
² Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences; IBILI; Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Coimbra, Portugal ; AIBILI; Coimbra, Portugal.
³ Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; IBILI - Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Coimbra, Portugal ; Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences; IBILI; Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Coimbra, Portugal.

PMID: 24665399
PMCID: PMC3867514
DOI: 10.4161/tisb.24782

Review

Regulation of claudins in blood-tissue barriers under physiological and pathological states

Andreia Gonçalves et al. Tissue Barriers. 2013.

. 2013 Jul 1;1(3):e24782.

doi: 10.4161/tisb.24782. Epub 2013 May 30.

Authors

Andreia Gonçalves¹, António Francisco Ambrósio², Rosa Fernandes³

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; IBILI - Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Coimbra, Portugal.
² Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences; IBILI; Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Coimbra, Portugal ; AIBILI; Coimbra, Portugal.
³ Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; IBILI - Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Coimbra, Portugal ; Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences; IBILI; Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Coimbra, Portugal.

PMID: 24665399
PMCID: PMC3867514
DOI: 10.4161/tisb.24782

Abstract

Claudins are pivotal building blocks of tight junctions that form the paracellular barrier in epithelia and endothelia. In mammals, claudins are a 27-gene family that encodes tetraspan membrane proteins, playing a crucial role in the formation and integrity of tight junctions and regulate the barrier function. Claudin isoforms are expressed in a tissue- and/or developmental stage-dependent manner. A growing body of evidence indicates that pathological states characterized by neuroinflammation, such as Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis, diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity share a common feature: the barrier breakdown. This review aims integrating and summarizing the most relevant and recent work developed in the field of claudins, with particular attention to their role in blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers, as well as describing their regulation in the aforementioned human diseases.

Keywords: blood-brain barrier; blood-retinal barrier; claudins; paracellular transport; tight junctions.

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Figures

None — **Figure 1.** Schematic representation of claudin proteins. Claudins have four transmembrane spanning regions, two extracellular loops, one intracellular domain, with the amino and carboxyl terminus oriented toward the cytoplasm.

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References

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[1] Ehrlich P. Das sauerstufbudurfnis des organismus. Eine Farbenanalytische Studie. Berlin: Hirschwald 1885.

[2] Ehrlich P. Das sauerstufbudurfnis des organismus. Eine Farbenanalytische Studie. Berlin: Hirschwald 1885.

[3] Goldman EE. Vitalbarfung am Zentralnervensystem.: Preuss Akad Wiss, 1913.

[4] Goldman EE. Vitalbarfung am Zentralnervensystem.: Preuss Akad Wiss, 1913.

[5] Cunha-Vaz JG, Maurice DM. The active transport of fluorescein by the retinal vessels and the retina. J Physiol. 1967;191:467–86. - PMC - PubMed

[6] Cunha-Vaz JG, Maurice DM. The active transport of fluorescein by the retinal vessels and the retina. J Physiol. 1967;191:467–86. - PMC - PubMed

[7] Cunha Vaz JGFD. Permeability of the retinal vessels in health and disease. University of London (Institute of Ophthalmology), 1965.

[8] Cunha Vaz JGFD. Permeability of the retinal vessels in health and disease. University of London (Institute of Ophthalmology), 1965.

[9] Cunha-Vaz J, Faria de Abreu JR, Campos AJ. Early breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier in diabetes. Br J Ophthalmol. 1975;59:649–56. doi: 10.1136/bjo.59.11.649. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Cunha-Vaz J, Faria de Abreu JR, Campos AJ. Early breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier in diabetes. Br J Ophthalmol. 1975;59:649–56. doi: 10.1136/bjo.59.11.649. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Regulation of claudins in blood-tissue barriers under physiological and pathological states

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Regulation of claudins in blood-tissue barriers under physiological and pathological states

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