Reproductive risk factors and oestrogen/progesterone receptor-negative breast cancer in the Breast Cancer Family Registry

doi:10.1038/bjc.2013.807

. 2014 Mar 4;110(5):1367-77.

doi: 10.1038/bjc.2013.807. Epub 2014 Feb 18.

Reproductive risk factors and oestrogen/progesterone receptor-negative breast cancer in the Breast Cancer Family Registry

M E Work¹, E M John², I L Andrulis³, J A Knight⁴, Y Liao¹, A M Mulligan⁵, M C Southey⁶, G G Giles⁷, G S Dite⁸, C Apicella⁸, H Hibshoosh⁹, J L Hopper¹⁰, M B Terry¹¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
² 1] Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 94538, USA [2] Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA.
³ Department of Molecular Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5.
⁴ 1] Department of Molecular Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5 [2] Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3M7.
⁵ 1] Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5 [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5.
⁶ Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
⁷ 1] Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia [2] Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
⁸ Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
⁹ Department of Epidemiology and Institute of Health and Environment, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 110-799 Seoul, Korea.
¹⁰ 1] Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia [2] Department of Epidemiology and Institute of Health and Environment, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 110-799 Seoul, Korea.
¹¹ 1] Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA [2] Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

PMID: 24548865
PMCID: PMC3950851
DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.807

Reproductive risk factors and oestrogen/progesterone receptor-negative breast cancer in the Breast Cancer Family Registry

M E Work et al. Br J Cancer. 2014.

. 2014 Mar 4;110(5):1367-77.

doi: 10.1038/bjc.2013.807. Epub 2014 Feb 18.

Authors

M E Work¹, E M John², I L Andrulis³, J A Knight⁴, Y Liao¹, A M Mulligan⁵, M C Southey⁶, G G Giles⁷, G S Dite⁸, C Apicella⁸, H Hibshoosh⁹, J L Hopper¹⁰, M B Terry¹¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
² 1] Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 94538, USA [2] Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA.
³ Department of Molecular Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5.
⁴ 1] Department of Molecular Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5 [2] Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3M7.
⁵ 1] Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5 [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5.
⁶ Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
⁷ 1] Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia [2] Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
⁸ Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
⁹ Department of Epidemiology and Institute of Health and Environment, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 110-799 Seoul, Korea.
¹⁰ 1] Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia [2] Department of Epidemiology and Institute of Health and Environment, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 110-799 Seoul, Korea.
¹¹ 1] Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA [2] Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

PMID: 24548865
PMCID: PMC3950851
DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.807

Abstract

Background: Oestrogen receptor (ER)- and progesterone receptor (PR)-negative (ER-PR-) breast cancer is associated with poorer prognosis compared with other breast cancer subtypes. High parity has been associated with an increased risk of ER-PR- cancer, but emerging evidence suggests that breastfeeding may reduce this risk. Whether this potential breastfeeding benefit extends to women at high risk of breast cancer remains critical to understand for prevention.

Methods: Using population-based ascertained cases (n=4011) and controls (2997) from the Breast Cancer Family Registry, we examined reproductive risk factors in relation to ER and PR status.

Results: High parity (≥3 live births) without breastfeeding was positively associated only with ER-PR- tumours (odds ratio (OR)=1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-2.24); there was no association with parity in women who breastfed (OR=0.93, 95% CI 0.71-1.22). Across all race/ethnicities, associations for ER-PR- cancer were higher among women who did not breastfeed than among women who did. Oral contraceptive (OC) use before 1975 was associated with an increased risk of ER-PR- cancer only (OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.04-1.67). For women who began OC use in 1975 or later there was no increased risk.

Conclusions: Our findings support that there are modifiable factors for ER-PR- breast cancer and that breastfeeding in particular may mitigate the increased risk of ER-PR- cancers seen from multiparity.

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Figures

**Figure 1**
**Comparison of odds ratios by race/ethnicity for breastfeeding and parity, Breast Cancer Family Registry, ER−PR− cases vs controls.**

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References

1. Althuis MD, Fergenbaum JH, Garcia-Closas M, Brinton LA, Madigan MP, Sherman ME. Etiology of hormone receptor-defined breast cancer: a systematic review of the literature. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004;13:1558–1568. - PubMed
1. Anderson WF, Katki HA, Rosenberg PS. Incidence of breast cancer in the United States: current and future trends. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103:1397–1402. - PMC - PubMed
1. Bao PP, Shu XO, Gao YT, Zheng Y, Cai H, Deming SL, Ruan ZX, Su Y, Gu K, Lu W, Zheng W. Association of hormone-related characteristics and breast cancer risk by estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor status in the shanghai breast cancer study. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;174:661–671. - PMC - PubMed
1. Bauer KR, Brown M, Cress RD, Parise CA, Caggiano V. Descriptive analysis of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and HER2-negative invasive breast cancer, the so-called triple-negative phenotype: a population-based study from the California cancer Registry. Cancer. 2007;109:1721–1728. - PubMed
1. Brinton LA, Sherman ME, Carreon JD, Anderson WF. Recent trends in breast cancer among younger women in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100:1643–1648. - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Althuis MD, Fergenbaum JH, Garcia-Closas M, Brinton LA, Madigan MP, Sherman ME. Etiology of hormone receptor-defined breast cancer: a systematic review of the literature. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004;13:1558–1568. - PubMed

[2] Althuis MD, Fergenbaum JH, Garcia-Closas M, Brinton LA, Madigan MP, Sherman ME. Etiology of hormone receptor-defined breast cancer: a systematic review of the literature. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004;13:1558–1568. - PubMed

[3] Anderson WF, Katki HA, Rosenberg PS. Incidence of breast cancer in the United States: current and future trends. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103:1397–1402. - PMC - PubMed

[4] Anderson WF, Katki HA, Rosenberg PS. Incidence of breast cancer in the United States: current and future trends. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103:1397–1402. - PMC - PubMed

[5] Bao PP, Shu XO, Gao YT, Zheng Y, Cai H, Deming SL, Ruan ZX, Su Y, Gu K, Lu W, Zheng W. Association of hormone-related characteristics and breast cancer risk by estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor status in the shanghai breast cancer study. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;174:661–671. - PMC - PubMed

[6] Bao PP, Shu XO, Gao YT, Zheng Y, Cai H, Deming SL, Ruan ZX, Su Y, Gu K, Lu W, Zheng W. Association of hormone-related characteristics and breast cancer risk by estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor status in the shanghai breast cancer study. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;174:661–671. - PMC - PubMed

[7] Bauer KR, Brown M, Cress RD, Parise CA, Caggiano V. Descriptive analysis of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and HER2-negative invasive breast cancer, the so-called triple-negative phenotype: a population-based study from the California cancer Registry. Cancer. 2007;109:1721–1728. - PubMed

[8] Bauer KR, Brown M, Cress RD, Parise CA, Caggiano V. Descriptive analysis of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and HER2-negative invasive breast cancer, the so-called triple-negative phenotype: a population-based study from the California cancer Registry. Cancer. 2007;109:1721–1728. - PubMed

[9] Brinton LA, Sherman ME, Carreon JD, Anderson WF. Recent trends in breast cancer among younger women in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100:1643–1648. - PMC - PubMed

[10] Brinton LA, Sherman ME, Carreon JD, Anderson WF. Recent trends in breast cancer among younger women in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100:1643–1648. - PMC - PubMed

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Reproductive risk factors and oestrogen/progesterone receptor-negative breast cancer in the Breast Cancer Family Registry

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Reproductive risk factors and oestrogen/progesterone receptor-negative breast cancer in the Breast Cancer Family Registry

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