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Review
. 2012 Dec;93(3):378-85.
doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.09.020. Epub 2012 Oct 1.

Modulation of immune responses following solid organ transplantation by microRNA

Nayan J Sarma  1 , Venkataswarup Tiriveedhi, Sabarinathan Ramachandran, Jeffrey Crippin, William Chapman, T Mohanakumar
Affiliations
Review

Modulation of immune responses following solid organ transplantation by microRNA

Nayan J Sarma et al. Exp Mol Pathol. 2012 Dec.

Abstract

Organ transplantation, an accepted treatment for end stage organ failure, is often complicated by allograft rejection and disease recurrence. In this review we will discuss the potential role of microRNAs in allograft immunity especially leading to rejection of the transplanted organ. microRNAs (miRNAs), originally identified in C. elegans, are short non-coding 21-24 nucleotide sequences that bind to its complementary sequences in functional messenger RNAs and inhibits post-translational processes through RNA duplex formation resulting in gene silencing (Lau et al., 2001). Gene specific translational silencing by miRNAs regulates pathways for immune responses such as development of innate immunity, inflammation, T-cell and B-cell differentiation and signaling that are implicated in various stages of allograft rejection. miRNAs also play a role in development of post-transplant complicacies like fibrosis, cirrhosis, carcinogenesis often leading to graft loss and poor patient outcome. Recent advancements in the methods for detecting and quantifying miRNA in tissue biopsies, as well as in serum and urine samples, has led to identification of specific miRNA signatures in patients with allograft rejection and have been utilized to predict allograft status and survival. Therefore, miRNAs play a significant role in post-transplant events including allograft rejection, disease recurrence and tumor development impacting patient outcome.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of miRNA biogenesis and their role in modulation of immunological pathways involved in allograft rejection
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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