Clinical use of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) determinations in patients with disorders of sex development: importance of sex- and age-specific reference ranges
- PMID: 22423510
Clinical use of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) determinations in patients with disorders of sex development: importance of sex- and age-specific reference ranges
Abstract
Determination of postnatal AMH levels in circulation has been used for decades when evaluating a child with ambiguous genitalia. We describe the age- and gender-specific changes of postnatal AMH serum levels to enable an appropriate clinical use of AMH assessment in pediatric endocrinology. In males, cord blood AMH is measurable at high levels (mean 148 (53-340) pmol/L), whereas AMH is undetectable (54%) or very low (95% CI: < 2-16 pmol/L) in female infants. AMH is constant through childhood in both sexes, boys having approximately 35 times higher levels than girls with no overlapping between the sexes until puberty. Ambiguous genitalia due to impaired androgen secretion or action may be a result of various conditions with low, normal or high AMH. Furthermore, low AMH is a marker of premature ovarian failure in Turner Syndrome girls. Measurement of AMH is an important tool in assessing gonadal function in children. In this context, detailed normative data are essential.
Similar articles
-
The concordance between serum anti-Mullerian hormone and testosterone concentrations depends on duration of hCG stimulation in boys undergoing investigation of gonadal function.Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2010 Jun;72(6):814-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03724.x. Epub 2009 Oct 7. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2010. PMID: 19811508
-
Serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone as a marker of ovarian function in 926 healthy females from birth to adulthood and in 172 Turner syndrome patients.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Nov;95(11):5003-10. doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-0930. Epub 2010 Aug 18. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010. PMID: 20719830
-
[Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) measurements in the assessment of testicular function in prepubertal boys and in sexual differentiation disorders].Endokrynol Diabetol Chor Przemiany Materii Wieku Rozw. 2006;12(3):195-9. Endokrynol Diabetol Chor Przemiany Materii Wieku Rozw. 2006. PMID: 17020655 Polish.
-
Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) Determinations in the Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrine Practice.Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2017 Jun;14(4):364-370. doi: 10.17458/per.vol14.2017.WG.Mullerian. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2017. PMID: 28613046 Review.
-
Testicular anti-Müllerian hormone: clinical applications in DSD.Semin Reprod Med. 2012 Oct;30(5):364-73. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1324719. Epub 2012 Oct 8. Semin Reprod Med. 2012. PMID: 23044872 Review.
Cited by
-
Clinical Utility of Anti-Mullerian Hormone in Pediatrics.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Jan 18;107(2):309-323. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab687. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022. PMID: 34537849 Free PMC article.
-
Anti-Müllerian hormone as a marker of steroid and gonadotropin action in the testis of children and adolescents with disorders of the gonadal axis.Int J Pediatr Endocrinol. 2016;2016:20. doi: 10.1186/s13633-016-0038-2. Epub 2016 Oct 28. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol. 2016. PMID: 27799946 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Anti-müllerian hormone and its clinical use in pediatrics with special emphasis on disorders of sex development.Int J Endocrinol. 2013;2013:198698. doi: 10.1155/2013/198698. Epub 2013 Dec 3. Int J Endocrinol. 2013. PMID: 24367377 Free PMC article. Review.