Histology of epiphyseal cartilage calcification and endochondral ossification
- PMID: 22202021
- DOI: 10.2741/e526
Histology of epiphyseal cartilage calcification and endochondral ossification
Abstract
Cartilage calcification is carried out by chondrocytes as they hypertrophy and begin to secrete matrix vesicles. Calcification initiates when calcium phosphates appear inside these matrix vesicles, forming hydroxyapatite crystals that eventually break through the membrane to form calcifying globules, as in bone calcification. However, the extracellular environment in cartilage is different from that in bone: cartilage is abundant in proteoglycans but contains a small amount of osteopontin. Hypertrophic chondrocytes secrete vesicles in the cartilaginous matrix of intercolumnar septae only, forming well-calcified longitudinal septae and poorly-calcified transverse partitions. Such pattern of vesicle deposition permits the invasion of endothelial cells, which infiltrate into cartilage and induce migration of osteogenic and osteoclastic cells. Osteoclasts resorb the excess of calcified globules in the partitions, shaping calcified cartilage cores paralleling the longitudinal axis of long bones. After the formation of these calcified cartilage cores, endochondral ossification involves a series of well-defined events in which osteogenic cells deposit new bone onto the cartilage core and form primary trabecules. This review presents the histology of epiphyseal cartilage calcification and endochondral ossification.
Similar articles
-
Growth cartilage calcification and formation of bone trabeculae are late and dissociated events in the endochondral ossification of Rana catesbeiana.Cell Tissue Res. 2001 Nov;306(2):319-23. doi: 10.1007/s004410100446. Cell Tissue Res. 2001. PMID: 11702243
-
Does the epiphyseal cartilage of the long bones have one or two ossification fronts?Med Hypotheses. 2013 Oct;81(4):695-700. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.07.029. Epub 2013 Aug 13. Med Hypotheses. 2013. PMID: 23953967
-
The critical role of the epidermal growth factor receptor in endochondral ossification.J Bone Miner Res. 2011 Nov;26(11):2622-33. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.502. J Bone Miner Res. 2011. PMID: 21887704 Free PMC article.
-
Bone tissue and histological and molecular events during development of the long bones.Ann Anat. 2021 May;235:151704. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151704. Epub 2021 Feb 16. Ann Anat. 2021. PMID: 33600952 Review.
-
The skeleton: a multi-functional complex organ: the growth plate chondrocyte and endochondral ossification.J Endocrinol. 2011 Nov;211(2):109-21. doi: 10.1530/JOE-11-0048. Epub 2011 Jun 3. J Endocrinol. 2011. PMID: 21642379 Review.
Cited by
-
Mitogen-inducible gene-6 partly mediates the inhibitory effects of prenatal dexamethasone exposure on endochondral ossification in long bones of fetal rats.Br J Pharmacol. 2016 Jul;173(14):2250-62. doi: 10.1111/bph.13506. Epub 2016 Jun 2. Br J Pharmacol. 2016. PMID: 27128203 Free PMC article.
-
Axial mechanical loading to ex vivo mouse long bone regulates endochondral ossification and endosteal mineralization through activation of the BMP-Smad pathway during postnatal growth.Bone Rep. 2021 May 7;15:101088. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101088. eCollection 2021 Dec. Bone Rep. 2021. PMID: 34141832 Free PMC article.
-
Ultrastructure and biological function of matrix vesicles in bone mineralization.Histochem Cell Biol. 2018 Apr;149(4):289-304. doi: 10.1007/s00418-018-1646-0. Epub 2018 Feb 6. Histochem Cell Biol. 2018. PMID: 29411103 Review.
-
Ultrastructural and biochemical aspects of matrix vesicle-mediated mineralization.Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2017 May;53(2):34-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2016.09.002. Epub 2016 Nov 5. Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2017. PMID: 28479934 Free PMC article. Review.
-
New light shed on the early evolution of limb-bone growth plate and bone marrow.Elife. 2021 Mar 2;10:e51581. doi: 10.7554/eLife.51581. Elife. 2021. PMID: 33648627 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Research Materials
