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Clinical Trial
. 2012 Feb;18(2):324-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2011.11.007. Epub 2011 Nov 9.

A Phase I study of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) in combination with busulfan and cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) and allogeneic stem cell transplantation in children with poor-risk CD33+ AML: a new targeted immunochemotherapy myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen

Prakash Satwani  1 , Monica Bhatia, James H Garvin Jr, Diane George, Filemon Dela Cruz, John Le Gall, Zhezhen Jin, Joseph Schwartz, Deirdre Duffy, Carmella van de Ven, Sandra Foley, Ria Hawks, Erin Morris, Lee Ann Baxter-Lowe, Mitchell S Cairo
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Free article
Clinical Trial

A Phase I study of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) in combination with busulfan and cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) and allogeneic stem cell transplantation in children with poor-risk CD33+ AML: a new targeted immunochemotherapy myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen

Prakash Satwani et al. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2012 Feb.
Free article

Abstract

Children with high-risk acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) (induction failure [IF], refractory relapse [RR], third complete remission [CR3]) have dismal outcomes. Over 80% of AML patients express CD33, a target of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO). GO is an active drug in childhood AML but has not been studied in a myeloablative conditioning regimen. We sought to determine the safety of GO in combination with busulfan/cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) conditioning before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). GO was administered on day -14 at doses of 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, and 7.5 mg/m(2), busulfan on days -7, -6, -5, -4 (12.8-16.0 mg/kg), and cyclophosphamide on days -3 and -2 (60 mg/kg/day). GVHD prophylaxis consisted of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. We enrolled 12 patients: 8 IF, 3 RR, 1 CR3; median age: 3 years (1-17); median follow-up: 1379 days (939-2305). Nine received umbilical cord blood (UCB), 2 matched unrelated donors (MUDs) and 1 HLA-matched sibling donor: 3 patients each at GO doses of 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, or 7.5 mg/m(2). No dose-limiting toxicities secondary to GO were observed. Day 100 treatment-related mortality (TRM) was 0%. Myeloid and platelet engraftment was observed in 92% and 75% of patients at median day 22 (12-40) and 42 (21-164), respectively. Median day +30 donor chimerism was 99% (85%-100%). The probability of grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) was 42% and chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was 28%. One-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) was 50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20.8-73.6). GO combined with Bu/Cy regimen followed by alloSCT is well tolerated in children with poor-risk AML. GO at 7.5 mg/m(2) in combination with Bu/Cy is currently being tested in a phase II study.

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