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. 2011 Aug;17(8):1389-95.
doi: 10.3201/eid1708.101837.

Novel surveillance network for norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks, United States

Everardo Vega  1 , Leslie Barclay, Nicole Gregoricus, Kara Williams, David Lee, Jan Vinjé
Affiliations

Novel surveillance network for norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks, United States

Everardo Vega et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011 Aug.

Abstract

CaliciNet, the outbreak surveillance network for noroviruses in the United States, was launched in March 2009. As of January 2011, twenty state and local health laboratories had been certified to submit norovirus sequences and epidemiologic outbreak data to CaliciNet. During the network's first year, 552 outbreaks were submitted to CaliciNet, of which 78 (14%) were associated with foodborne transmission. A total of 395 (72%) outbreaks were typed as GII.4, of which 298 (75%) belonged to a new variant, GII.4 New Orleans, which first emerged in October 2009. Analysis of the complete capsid and P2 region sequences confirmed that GII.4 New Orleans is distinct from previous GII.4 variants, including GII.4 Minerva (2006b).

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
CaliciNet participating states (gray), nonparticipating states (white), and 12 states that submitted norovirus-positive specimens to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for P2 analysis (stars).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Gastroenteritis outbreak data submitted to CaliciNet from October 2009 through May 2010. Pie graphs represent the proportion of outbreaks reported as norovirus GII.4 New Orleans (white), norovirus GII.4 Minerva (black), and all other norovirus genotypes (gray).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Unrooted phylogenetic tree of the P2 region from all norovirus GII.4 New Orleans strains submitted to CaliciNet and identified by region D analysis from October 2009 through May 2010 (A) and of the complete major capsid protein viral protein 1 of selected norovirus GII.4 variants (B). Numbers on branches represent bootstrap support out of 100. Symbols represent GII.4 variant types (nomenclature proposed by NoroNet in parentheses): black squares, GII.4 NOLA variant; star, GII.4 New Orleans (2010) variant; circles, GII.4 Minerva (2006b) variant; triangles, GII.4 Riviera (2007) variant; and diamonds, Yerseke (2006a) variant. AUS2008 (GenBank accession no. GQ845367) and Cairo (accession no. EU876888) are unidentified variant types. GenBank accession numbers of GII.4 sequences included in the analysis: Apeldoorn (AB445395), NOLA (GU270580), New Orleans (GU445325), Minerva (EU078417), Nijmegen (EF126966), DenHaag (EF126965), OC07138 (AB434770), SSCS (FJ411171), Yerseke (EF126963), and CL-CS (EU078419). Scale bars represent number of nucleotide (A) or amino acid (B) substitutions per site. P2 sequences can be provided upon request.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Amino acid substitutions in the major capsid protein viral protein 1 of norovirus New Orleans GII.4 strains compared with recent GII.4 variants. The P2 hypervariable region is underlined. *Protruding regions and histo–blood group antigen interacting sites. Dots indicate sequence identity.
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