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Review
. 2011 Mar 14;2(2):13.
doi: 10.1186/scrt54.

Mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow niche to the blood compartment

Jonathan Hoggatt  1 , Louis M Pelus
Affiliations
Review

Mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow niche to the blood compartment

Jonathan Hoggatt et al. Stem Cell Res Ther. .

Abstract

The vast majority of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in specialized niches within the bone marrow during steady state, maintaining lifelong blood cell production. A small number of HSCs normally traffic throughout the body; however, exogenous stimuli can enhance their release from the niche and entry into the peripheral circulation. This process, termed mobilization, has become the primary means to acquire a stem cell graft for hematopoietic transplant at most transplant centers. Currently, the preferred method of HSC mobilization for subsequent transplantation is treatment of the donor with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. The mobilizing effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is not completely understood, but recent studies suggest that its capacity to mobilize HSCs, at least in part, is a consequence of alterations to the hematopoietic niche. The present article reviews some of the key mechanisms mediating HSC mobilization, highlighting recent advances and controversies in the field.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor mobilization converges on the CXCR4/SDF-1α signaling axis within the hematopoietic niche. Many of the proposed mechanisms for hematopoietic stem and progenitor mobilization function by altering the marrow microenvironmental CXC4 chemokine receptor (CXCR4)/stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) signaling axis. Shown are representative mobilization mechanisms and their relationship to the CXCR4/SDF-1α axis. Question marks denote hypothetical linkage to the CXCR4/SDF-1α axis. G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; HSC, hematopoietic stem cell; HSPC, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell; ROS, reactive oxygen species.
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