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Review
. 2010 Jun 8;121(22):2437-45.
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.916346.

Monocytes: protagonists of infarct inflammation and repair after myocardial infarction

Matthias Nahrendorf  1 , Mikael J Pittet, Filip K Swirski
Affiliations
Review

Monocytes: protagonists of infarct inflammation and repair after myocardial infarction

Matthias Nahrendorf et al. Circulation. .
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest Disclosures

None.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Disease statistics. Fig. 1A: Deaths/100,000 population for coronary heart disease in men, ages 35–74, U.S., 1970–2005. Fig. 1B: Deaths due to heart failure, U.S., 1970–2005. Fig. 1C: Hospitalizations/100,000 population for heart failure, age 65 and older, U.S., 1971–2006. Adapted from NHLBI Fact Book 2008.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Biphasic monocyte response after myocardial infarction in the mouse. Time course of monocyte subset recruitment and their function depicted in the lower panel are adapted from Nahrendorf/Swirski et al. J Exp Med 2007. PMN: neutrophil, Mφ: macrophage, ECM: extracellular matrix.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The repertoire of circulating inflammatory monocytes (inset shows a sorted Ly-6Chigh monocyte) expands over time in mice with hyperlipidemia. Adapted from Swirski et al., JCI 2007.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Atherosclerosis is associated with an increased number of inflammatory monocytes, cells that are also centrally involved in the wound healing response after MI. The cartoon illustrates how increased recruitment of Ly-6Chigh monocytes impairs healing and favors development of heart failure in apoE−/− mice and is based on findings by Panizzi et al., JACC 2010. The MR images show a long and short axis view of a mouse with a large anterolateral infarct, 21 days after coronary ligation. LV: left ventricular, EF: ejection fraction.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Fig. 5A: The spleen stores large numbers of monocytes clustered in the subcapsular red pulp. Intravital microscopy of monocytes obtained in a mouse that expresses GFP under the CX3CR1 promoter. Fig. 5B: After myocardial infarction, monocytes increase their motility, enter the vasculature and depart from the spleen. Time-lapse intravital microscopy of the spleen 24 hours after coronary artery ligation. Fig. 5C: Within a day after MI, the spleen releases half of its monocyte reservoir. H&E stain of a mouse spleen. Adapted from Swirski/Nahrendorf et al., Science 2009.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Hypothetical relationship of monocyte numbers in the infarct and the healing outcome. We propose that insufficient as well as exaggerated monocyte presence is associated with impaired healing. Stars represent data from the following studies: 1. Swirski/Nahrendorf et al., Science 2009; 2. van Amerongen et al., Am J Pathol 2007; 3. Nahrendorf/Swirski et al., JEM 2009; 4. Roberts et al., Circulation 1976; 5. Tsujioka et al., JACC 2009; 6. Maekawa et al., JACC 2002; 7. Panizzi et al., JACC 2010.
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