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Review
. 2010 Mar 23;121(11):1356-64.
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.876185.

Sugar-sweetened beverages, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease risk

Vasanti S Malik  1 , Barry M Popkin, George A Bray, Jean-Pierre Després, Frank B Hu
Affiliations
Review

Sugar-sweetened beverages, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease risk

Vasanti S Malik et al. Circulation. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Trends in Soft drinks and total calories from beverages in Mexico and the United States
Trends in consumption of calories from soft drinks and all caloric beverages in Mexico and the United States (weighted to be nationally representative) by age groups: 1-4 years; 5-11 years; 12-18 years and ≥ 19 y in 1999 and 2006. Definition: soft drinks include carbonated, noncarbonated beverages with sugar added and commercially processed, bottled/formula fountain soft drinks and fruit drinks but exclude agua frescas, the Mexican hand-prepared added sugar fruit juices and fruit drinks.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Mean weight in 1991, 1995, and 1999 according to trends in sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption in 1,969 women who changed consumption between 1991 and1995 and either changed or maintained level of consumption until 1999
Low and high intakes were defined as ≤1/week and ≥1/day. The number of subjects were: low-high-high=323, low-high-low=461, high-low-high=110, and high-low-low=746. Groups with similar intake in 1991 and 1995 were combined for estimates for these time points. Means were adjusted for age, alcohol intake, physical activity, smoking, postmenopausal hormone use, oral contraceptive use, cereal fiber intake, and total fat intake at each time point. Adapted with permission from Schulze MB et al.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Multivariate relative risks (RRs) of type 2 diabetes according to sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption in the Nurses’ Health Study II 1991-1999
Multivariate RRs were adjusted for age, alcohol (0, 0.1-4.9, 5.0-9.9, 10+ g/d), physical activity (quintiles), family history of diabetes, smoking (never, past, current), postmenopausal hormone use (never, ever), oral contraceptive use (never, past, current), intake (quintiles) of cereal fiber, magnesium, trans fat, polyunsaturated:saturated fat, and consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks, diet soft drinks, fruit juice, and fruit punch (other than the main exposure, depending on model). These data are based on Schulze MB et al.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Potential biological mechanisms underlying the effect of SSBs on weight gain and risk of Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
SSBs may lead to weight gain due to incomplete compensation for liquid calories at subsequent meals resulting in positive energy balance. Independent of weight gain, SSB’s may increase risk of MetSyn, T2DM and CVD due to their large contribution to a high dietary GL, and large fructose fraction, leading to development ofinsulin resistance, beta cell dysfunction, inflammation, hypertension, visceral adiposity and atherogenic dyslipidemia
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