Sex differences in the Toll-like receptor-mediated response of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to HIV-1
- PMID: 19597505
- PMCID: PMC2821111
- DOI: 10.1038/nm.2004
Sex differences in the Toll-like receptor-mediated response of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to HIV-1
Abstract
Manifestations of viral infections can differ between women and men, and marked sex differences have been described in the course of HIV-1 disease. HIV-1-infected women tend to have lower viral loads early in HIV-1 infection but progress faster to AIDS for a given viral load than men. Here we show substantial sex differences in the response of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) to HIV-1. pDCs derived from women produce markedly more interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in response to HIV-1-encoded Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) ligands than pDCs derived from men, resulting in stronger secondary activation of CD8(+) T cells. In line with these in vitro studies, treatment-naive women chronically infected with HIV-1 had considerably higher levels of CD8(+) T cell activation than men after adjusting for viral load. These data show that sex differences in TLR-mediated activation of pDCs may account for higher immune activation in women compared to men at a given HIV-1 viral load and provide a mechanism by which the same level of viral replication might result in faster HIV-1 disease progression in women compared to men. Modulation of the TLR7 pathway in pDCs may therefore represent a new approach to reduce HIV-1-associated pathology.
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Comment in
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HIV gender clues emerge.Nat Med. 2009 Aug;15(8):830. doi: 10.1038/nm0809-830b. Nat Med. 2009. PMID: 19661976 No abstract available.
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