Four-stranded DNA: cancer, gene regulation and drug development
- PMID: 17855220
- DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2007.0011
Four-stranded DNA: cancer, gene regulation and drug development
Abstract
DNA can form many structures other than the famous double helix. In particular, guanine-rich DNA of particular sequences can form four-stranded structures, called G-quadruplexes. This article describes the structural form of these sequences, techniques for predicting which sequences can fold up in this manner and efforts towards stability prediction. It then discusses the biological significance of these structures, focusing on their importance in telomeric regions at the end of chromosomes, and their existence in gene promoters and mRNA, where they may be involved with regulating transcription and translation, respectively. Ligands that are capable of selectively binding to these structures are introduced and described, as are DNA aptamers that form G-quadruplex structures; both of these classes of compound have been investigated as anticancer agents in clinical trials. The growing use of G-quadruplexes in the nanotechnology field is also outlined. The article concludes with an analysis of future directions the field may take, with some proposals for further important studies.
Similar articles
-
Function and targeting of G-quadruplexes.Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2009 Apr;11(2):146-55. Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2009. PMID: 19330720 Review.
-
Four-stranded nucleic acids: structure, function and targeting of G-quadruplexes.Chem Soc Rev. 2008 Jul;37(7):1375-84. doi: 10.1039/b702491f. Epub 2008 May 6. Chem Soc Rev. 2008. PMID: 18568163 Review.
-
Human telomeric G-quadruplex: structures of DNA and RNA sequences.FEBS J. 2010 Mar;277(5):1107-17. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07464.x. Epub 2009 Nov 27. FEBS J. 2010. PMID: 19951353 Review.
-
QGRS Mapper: a web-based server for predicting G-quadruplexes in nucleotide sequences.Nucleic Acids Res. 2006 Jul 1;34(Web Server issue):W676-82. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkl253. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006. PMID: 16845096 Free PMC article.
-
G-quadruplexes: targets and tools in anticancer drug design.J Drug Target. 2012 Jun;20(5):389-400. doi: 10.3109/1061186X.2012.669384. Epub 2012 Mar 19. J Drug Target. 2012. PMID: 22424091 Review.
Cited by
-
Conserved elements with potential to form polymorphic G-quadruplex structures in the first intron of human genes.Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Mar;36(4):1321-33. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkm1138. Epub 2008 Jan 10. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008. PMID: 18187510 Free PMC article.
-
Resolution of quadruplex polymorphism by size-exclusion chromatography.Curr Protoc Nucleic Acid Chem. 2011 Jun;Chapter 17:Unit17.3. doi: 10.1002/0471142700.nc1703s45. Curr Protoc Nucleic Acid Chem. 2011. PMID: 21638270 Free PMC article.
-
Relevance of G-quadruplex structures to pharmacogenetics.Front Pharmacol. 2014 Jul 8;5:160. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00160. eCollection 2014. Front Pharmacol. 2014. PMID: 25071578 Free PMC article.
-
Co-Localization of DNA i-Motif-Forming Sequences and 5-Hydroxymethyl-cytosines in Human Embryonic Stem Cells.Molecules. 2019 Oct 8;24(19):3619. doi: 10.3390/molecules24193619. Molecules. 2019. PMID: 31597270 Free PMC article.
-
Towards Understanding of Polymorphism of the G-rich Region of Human Papillomavirus Type 52.Molecules. 2019 Apr 2;24(7):1294. doi: 10.3390/molecules24071294. Molecules. 2019. PMID: 30987050 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical
