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. 2007 Aug 30;173(1):1-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.06.002. Epub 2007 Jun 14.

Vacuolar compartmentation of the cadmium-glutathione complex protects Saccharomyces cerevisiae from mutagenesis

Paula D B Adamis  1 , Anita D Panek, Elis C A Eleutherio
Affiliations

Vacuolar compartmentation of the cadmium-glutathione complex protects Saccharomyces cerevisiae from mutagenesis

Paula D B Adamis et al. Toxicol Lett. .

Abstract

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT; EC 2.3.2.2) is a vacuolar-membrane bound enzyme. In this work we verified that S. cerevisiae cells deficient in gamma-GT absorbed almost 2.5-fold as much cadmium as the wild-type (wt) cells, suggesting that this enzyme might be responsible for the recycle of cadmium-glutathione complex stored in the vacuole. The mutant strain showed difficulty in keeping constant levels of glutathione (GSH) during the stress, although the GSH-reductase activity was practically the same in both wt and mutant strains, before and after metal stress. This difficulty to maintain the GSH levels in the gamma-GT mutant strain led to high levels of lipid peroxidation and carbonyl proteins in response to cadmium, higher than in the wt, but lower than in a mutant deficient in GSH synthesis. Although the increased levels of oxidative stress, gamma-GT mutant strain showed to be tolerant to cadmium and showed similar mutation rates to the wt, indicating that the compartmentation of the GSH-cadmium complex in vacuole protects cells against the mutagenic action of the metal. Confirming this hypothesis, a mutant strain deficient in Ycf1, which present high concentrations of GSH-cadmium in cytoplasm due to its deficiency in transport the complex to vacuole, showed increased mutation rates.

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