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Review
. 2006;8(4):417-32.
doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2006.8.4/vpatchev.

Experimental models of stress

Vladimir K Patchev  1 , Alexandre V Patchev
Affiliations
Review

Experimental models of stress

Vladimir K Patchev et al. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2006.

Abstract
in English, Spanish, French

Illustrating the complexity of the stress response and its multifaceted manifestations is the leading idea of this overview of experimental paradigms used for stress induction in laboratory animals. The description of key features of models based on naturalistic stressors, pharmacological challenges, and genomic manipulations is complemented by comprehensive analysis of physiological, behavioral, neurochemical, and endocrine changes and their appropriateness as outcome readouts. Particular attention has been paid to the role of sex and age as determinants of the dynamics of the stress response. Possible translational applications of stress-inducing paradigms as models of disease are briefly sketched.

La complejidad de la respuesta ai estrés y sus manitestaciones polifacéticas son la linea conductora de esta revisión de paradigmas experimentales empleados para inducir estrés en anímales de laboratorio. La descripción de las características fundamentales de los modelos, que están basados en ios eiementos estresantes naturaies, provocaciones farmacológicas y manipulaciones genómicas se completa con un análisis extenso de ios cambios fisiológicos, de comporta mentó, neuroquímicos y endocrinos y su idoneidad como criterios de evaluación. Se ha prestado especia! atención a ia importancia dei sexo y la edad como determinantes de ia dinámica de la respuesta ai estrés. Se esbozan de forma sucinta las posibles aplicaciones translacionaies de los para-digmas inductores del estrés corno modelos de enfermedad.

Cette vue d'ensemble des paradigmes expérimentaux utilisés pour l'induction du stress chez les animaux de laboratoire a pour but d'illustrer la complexité de la réponse au stress et la multiplicité de ses manifestations. La description des caractéristiques clés concernant les différents modèles sont décrits, basés sur des stresseurs nature, sur des tests pharmacologiques ou sur des manipulations du génome, et sont complétés par une analyse détaillée des variations physiologiques, comportementales, neurochimiques et endocriniennes et de leur intérêt pour les résultats qui en découlent. Le rôle du sexe et de l'âge, en tant que déterminants de la dynamique de la réponse au stress, a été particulièrement étudié, La possibilité d'appliquer ces paradigmes d'induction du stress aux modèles! pathologiques est brièvement évoquée.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Algorithm for the assessment of basal and stressinduced LHPA activity and its sensitivity to glucocorth coid negative feedback in the rat. The curve depicts the course of changes in serum corticosterone levels. Shaded areas indicate diurnal dark phases; bold and light symbols denote time points of blood sample collection and experimental interventions, respectively. LHPA, limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
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