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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2006 Dec;244(6):921-8; discussion 928-30.
doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000246834.07130.5d.

A prospective, randomized, controlled trial comparing intermittent portal triad clamping versus ischemic preconditioning with continuous clamping for major liver resection

Henrik Petrowsky  1 , Lucas McCormack, Martha Trujillo, Markus Selzner, Wolfram Jochum, Pierre-Alain Clavien
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

A prospective, randomized, controlled trial comparing intermittent portal triad clamping versus ischemic preconditioning with continuous clamping for major liver resection

Henrik Petrowsky et al. Ann Surg. 2006 Dec.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate whether ischemic preconditioning (IP) with continuous clamping or intermittent clamping (IC) of the portal triad confers better protection during liver surgery.

Summary background data: IP and IC are distinct protective approaches against ischemic injury. Since both strategies proved to be superior in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to continuous inflow occlusion alone, we designed a RCT to compare IP and IC in patients undergoing major liver resection.

Methods: Noncirrhotic patients undergoing major liver resection were randomized to receive IP with inflow occlusion (n = 36) or IC (n = 37). Primary endpoints were postoperative liver injury and intraoperative blood loss. Postoperative liver injury was assessed by peak values of AST (alanine aminotransferase) and ALT (aspartate aminotransferase), as well as the area under the curve (AUC) of the postoperative transaminase course. Secondary endpoints included resection time, the need of blood transfusion, ICU, and hospital stay as well as postoperative complications and mortality.

Results: Both groups were comparable regarding demographics, ASA score, type of hepatectomy, duration of inflow occlusion (range, 30-75 minutes), and resection surface. The transection-related blood loss was 146 versus 250 mL (P = 0.008), and when standardized to the resection surface 1.2 versus 1.8 mL/cm (P = 0.01) for IP and IC, respectively. Although peak AST, AUCAST, and AUCALT were lower for IC, the differences did not reach statistical significance. Overall (42% vs. 38%) and major (33 vs. 27%) postoperative complications as well as median ICU (1 vs. 1 day) and hospital stay (10 vs. 11 days) were similar between both groups.

Conclusions: Both IP and IC appear to be equally effective in protecting against postoperative liver injury in noncirrhotic patients undergoing major liver resection. However, IP is associated with lower blood loss and shorter transection time. Therefore, both strategies can be recommended for noncirrhotic patients undergoing liver resection.

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Figures

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FIGURE 1. Treatment protocol of the intermittent portal triad clamping and ischemic preconditioning with continuous clamping. Inflow occlusion and reperfusion are symbolized by black and white boxes, respectively.
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FIGURE 2. Postoperative liver injury assessed by serial measurements of serum AST for IP and IC clamping group. Day −1 and day 0 refer to the preoperative day and the postoperative period of the operative day, respectively. Data are mean ± SEM.
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FIGURE 3. AUCAST for the first 5 postoperative days in relation to the degree of steatosis for IC and IP group. Steatosis was classified as grade 0 (<10%), grade 1 (10%–29%), and grade 2 (≥30%). AUCAST is presented as box plot with median, 25%, and 75% quartiles, and range of values.
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FIGURE 4. Age-adjusted correlation of AUCAST for the IP (solid rhomboid) and IC (open squares) group. Patients were backwards stepwise eliminated at 5-year intervals starting at the age of 70 years. The mean AUCAST were plotted against the different age groups <55, <60, <65, and <70 years. The degree of correlation is expressed by the correlation coefficient R2.
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