The innate immune facet of brain: human neurons express TLR-3 and sense viral dsRNA
- PMID: 17085778
- DOI: 10.1385/JMN:29:3:185
The innate immune facet of brain: human neurons express TLR-3 and sense viral dsRNA
Erratum in
- J Mol Neurosci. 2007;33(2):224
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Erratum to: The Innate Facet of the Brain: Human Neurons Express TLR3 and Sense Viral dsRNA.J Mol Neurosci. 2007 Oct;33(2):224. doi: 10.1007/s12031-007-0068-6. J Mol Neurosci. 2007. PMID: 29349718 No abstract available.
Abstract
Inflammation is an important factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease or multiple sclerosis, and during microbial infections of the nervous system. Glial cells were thought to be the main contributor for cytokine and chemokine production and Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression in the brain. Here, we report that human neurons express TLR-3, a major receptor in virus-mediated innate immune response. We established that these cells can mount a strong inflammatory response characterized by the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6), chemokines (CCL-5 and CXCL-10), and antiviral molecules (2'5'OAS and IFN-beta) after treatment with dsRNA - a by-product of viral infection and ligand of TLR-3. This work firmly establishes that human neurons, in absence of glia, have the intrinsic machinery to trigger robust inflammatory, chemoattractive, and antiviral responses.
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