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. 2005 Aug;43(8):3835-9.
doi: 10.1128/JCM.43.8.3835-3839.2005.

Genetic characteristics of human enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 circulating from 1999 to 2004 in Shenzhen, People's Republic of China

Linlin Li  1 , Yaqing He, Hong Yang, Junping Zhu, Xingye Xu, Jie Dong, Yafang Zhu, Qi Jin
Affiliations

Genetic characteristics of human enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 circulating from 1999 to 2004 in Shenzhen, People's Republic of China

Linlin Li et al. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Aug.

Abstract

The genetic and phylogenetic characteristics of human enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) sampled from children with hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, over a 6-year period (1999 to 2004) were examined with reverse transcription-PCR and DNA sequencing. Out of 147 stool specimens, 60 showed positive signals when screened with EV71- and CA16-specific primers. EV71 was identified in 19 specimens, and CA16 was identified in 41 specimens; coinfection by EV71 and CA16 was not observed. Phylogenetic analysis of all EV71 strains isolated from the mainland Chinese samples established C4 as the predominant genotype. Only one other known strain (3254-TAI-98; AF286531), isolated in Taiwan in 1998, was identified as belonging to genotype C4. Phylogenetic analysis of CA16 strains allowed us to identify three new genetic lineages (A, B, and C), with lineage C recently predominating in Asian countries, such as the People's Republic of China, Malaysia, and Japan. These new observations indicate that CA16 circulating in the People's Republic of China is genetically diverse, and additional surveillance is warranted.

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Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Phylogenetic analysis based on EV71 VP1 nucleotide sequences (891 bp). Details of the EV71 strains included in the dendrogram are provided in Table S1 in the supplemental material. The marker denotes the percentage of bootstrap frequency of the main branch. The VP1 nucleotide sequence of EV71 prototype BrCr was used as an outgroup in the analysis.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
Phylogenetic analysis based on EV71 VP4 nucleotide sequences (207 bp). Details of the EV71 strains included in the dendrogram are provided in Table S1 in the supplemental material. The marker denotes the percentage of bootstrap frequency of the main branch. The VP4 nucleotide sequence of coxsackievirus A16 prototype G10 was used as an outgroup in the analysis.
FIG. 3.
FIG. 3.
Phylogenetic analysis based on CA16 VP4 nucleotide sequences (207 bp). Details of the CA16 strains included in the dendrogram are provided in Table S1 in the supplemental material. The marker denotes the percentage of bootstrap frequency of the main branch. The dendrogram shows only one isolate number to represent isolates with identical sequences. The VP4 nucleotide sequence of EV71 prototype BrCr was used as an outgroup in the analysis.
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