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. 2005 Feb 18;17(4):595-601.
doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.12.032.

Chemical activation of Sir2-dependent silencing by relief of nicotinamide inhibition

Anthony A Sauve  1 , Robyn D Moir, Vern L Schramm, Ian M Willis
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Free article

Chemical activation of Sir2-dependent silencing by relief of nicotinamide inhibition

Anthony A Sauve et al. Mol Cell. .
Free article

Abstract

Sir2 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylase involved in gene silencing and longevity. Cellular stresses affect Sir2 activity, but the mechanisms of Sir2 regulation are debated. Nicotinamide has been proposed as a physiological regulator that inhibits Sir2 deacetylase activity by chemical reversal of a covalent reaction intermediate. We demonstrate a chemical strategy to activate Sir2-dependent transcriptional silencing and present evidence that the endogenous level of nicotinamide limits Sir2 activity in wild-type (wt) yeast cells. Nicotinamide inhibition of Sir2 is antagonized in vitro by isonicotinamide, which causes an increase in Sir2 deacetylation activity. Isonicotinamide also substantially increases transcriptional silencing at Sir2-regulated loci in wt strains and in strains lacking key NAD+ salvage pathway enzymes (PNC1 and NPT1). Thus, a nicotinamide antagonist is a Sir2 agonist in vitro and in vivo.

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