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Multicenter Study
. 2005 Jan;28(1):108-14.
doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.1.108.

Effects of exercise training on glucose homeostasis: the HERITAGE Family Study

Normand G Boulé  1 , S John Weisnagel, Timo A Lakka, Angelo Tremblay, Richard N Bergman, Tuomo Rankinen, Arthur S Leon, James S Skinner, Jack H Wilmore, D C Rao, Claude Bouchard; HERITAGE Family Study
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Effects of exercise training on glucose homeostasis: the HERITAGE Family Study

Normand G Boulé et al. Diabetes Care. 2005 Jan.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the effect of a 20-week endurance training program in healthy, previously sedentary participants on measures derived from an intravenous glucose tolerance test (i.v.GTT).

Research design and methods: An i.v.GTT was performed before and after a standardized training program in 316 women and 280 men (173 blacks and 423 whites). Participants exercised on cycle ergometers 3 days per week for 60 sessions. The exercise intensity was progressively increased from 55% VO2max for 30 min per session to 75% VO2max for 50 min per session.

Results: Mean insulin sensitivity increased by 10% (P < 0.001) following the intervention, but the variability in the changes was high. Men had larger improvements than women (P = 0.02). Improvements in fasting insulin were transitory, disappearing 72 h after the last bout of exercise. There were also significant mean increases in the glucose disappearance index (3%, P = 0.02) and in glucose effectiveness (11%, P < 0.001), measures of glucose tolerance and of the capacity of glucose to mediate its own disposal, respectively. The acute insulin response to glucose, a measure of insulin secretion, increased by 7% in the quartile with the lowest baseline glucose tolerance and decreased by 14% in the quartile with the highest baseline glucose tolerance (P < 0.001). The glucose area below fasting levels during the i.v.GTT was reduced by 7% (P = 0.02).

Conclusions: Although the effects of structured regular exercise were highly variable, there were improvements in virtually all i.v.GTT-derived variables. In the absence of substantial weight loss, regular exercise is required for sustained improvements in glucose homeostasis.

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