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Review
. 2004 Sep;82(9):592-9.
doi: 10.1007/s00109-004-0562-z. Epub 2004 Jun 4.

Role of Id proteins in B lymphocyte activation: new insights from knockout mouse studies

Manabu Sugai  1 , Hiroyuki Gonda, Yukiko Nambu, Yoshifumi Yokota, Akira Shimizu
Affiliations
Review

Role of Id proteins in B lymphocyte activation: new insights from knockout mouse studies

Manabu Sugai et al. J Mol Med (Berl). 2004 Sep.

Abstract

Id (inhibitor of differentiation) proteins play important roles in cell differentiation, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. They act as negative regulators of basic helix-loop-helix-type transcription factors, which positively regulate differentiation of various cell types. Id proteins work to block B lymphocyte (B cell) maturation at an early differentiation step, as demonstrated by gain-of-function studies. In recent years a series of gene-targeted mice lacking different Ids have been generated. Analyses of these gene-targeted mice provide information useful for understanding the physiological roles of Ids in B cell biology. Id3 is required for proper B cell functions and acts by controlling the cell cycle. Upon B cell activation, Id2 acts as a negative regulator to prevent potentially harmful effects brought about by excessive immunological reactions; one of its special roles is to maintain low serum concentrations of immunoglobulin E (IgE). The Id2 protein does this by antagonizing E2A and Pax5 activities, both of which are required for proper B cell activation. This review presents several new insights into B cell differentiation and activation programs and the physiological role of Id proteins in B cell activation.

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