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Review
. 2003 Sep;89(9):1104-9.
doi: 10.1136/heart.89.9.1104.

Cardiac and vascular pathophysiology in hypertension

Jamil Mayet  1 , Alun Hughes
Affiliations
Review

Cardiac and vascular pathophysiology in hypertension

Jamil Mayet et al. Heart. 2003 Sep.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mechanisms regulating mean arterial blood pressure. ADR, adrenaline; Aldo, aldosterone; Ang II, angiotensin II; ADH, antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin); BP, blood pressure; CNS, central nervous system; HR, heart rate; NO, nitric oxide; ParaNS, parasympathetic nervous system; SV, stroke volume; SNS, sympathetic nervous system.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The Windkessel model of the circulation. The circulation can be approximated by a pump connected to a compliant chamber (elastic arteries) and a flow resistance (resistance vasculature).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Wall stress and tension in a thin walled tube or chamber (Laplace’s law).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Major patterns of myocardial and vascular remodelling in hypertension. CR, concentric remodelling; CHR, concentric hypertrophy; ER, eccentric remodelling; IER, inward eutrophic remodelling; IHR, inward hypertrophic remodelling.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Doppler echocardiographic records showing (A) normal diastolic function, (B) impaired relaxation, and (C) restrictive pattern (that is, severe diastolic function with an increase in left atrial pressure).
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MeSH terms