Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: the key to CpG
- PMID: 12480254
- DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(02)00749-8
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: the key to CpG
Abstract
The vertebrate immune system has established TLR9 to detect microbial DNA based on unmethylated CG dinucleotides within certain sequence contexts (CpG motifs). In humans, the expression of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is restricted to B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC). The PDC is characterized by the ability to rapidly synthesize large amounts of type I IFN (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) in response to viral infection. In contrast to other dendritic cell subsets which express a broad profile of TLRs, the TLR profile in PDC is restricted to TLR7 and TLR9. So far, CpG DNA is the only defined microbial molecule recognized by PDC. An intriguing feature of PDC is its ability to simultaneously produce the two major Th1-inducing cytokines in humans, IFN-alpha and IL-12, both at high levels. The ratio of IFN-alpha versus IL-12 and the quantity of these cytokines are regulated by T helper cell-mediated costimulation via CD40 ligation. The ratio also depends on the differentiation stage of the PDC at the time of stimulation and the type of CpG ODN used. We propose a model in which the establishment of Th1 responses in vivo is improved by appropriately stimulated PDC that otherwise - in the absence of CpG DNA--support Th2 or Th0 responses and thus have been called DC2.
Similar articles
-
Toll-like receptor expression reveals CpG DNA as a unique microbial stimulus for plasmacytoid dendritic cells which synergizes with CD40 ligand to induce high amounts of IL-12.Eur J Immunol. 2001 Oct;31(10):3026-37. doi: 10.1002/1521-4141(2001010)31:10<3026::aid-immu3026>3.0.co;2-h. Eur J Immunol. 2001. PMID: 11592079
-
Quantitative expression of toll-like receptor 1-10 mRNA in cellular subsets of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sensitivity to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides.J Immunol. 2002 May 1;168(9):4531-7. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.9.4531. J Immunol. 2002. PMID: 11970999
-
Rat plasmacytoid dendritic cells are an abundant subset of MHC class II+ CD4+CD11b-OX62- and type I IFN-producing cells that exhibit selective expression of Toll-like receptors 7 and 9 and strong responsiveness to CpG.J Immunol. 2004 Jun 15;172(12):7485-94. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.12.7485. J Immunol. 2004. PMID: 15187127
-
CpG ODNs treatments of HIV-1 infected patients may cause the decline of transmission in high risk populations - a review, hypothesis and implications.Virus Genes. 2005 Mar;30(2):251-66. doi: 10.1007/s11262-004-5632-2. Virus Genes. 2005. PMID: 15744581 Review.
-
Plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors/type I interferon-producing cells sense viral infection by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR9.Springer Semin Immunopathol. 2005 Jan;26(3):221-9. doi: 10.1007/s00281-004-0180-4. Epub 2004 Nov 13. Springer Semin Immunopathol. 2005. PMID: 15592841 Review.
Cited by
-
Porcine innate and adaptative immune responses to influenza and coronavirus infections.Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Oct;1081(1):130-6. doi: 10.1196/annals.1373.014. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006. PMID: 17135502 Free PMC article. Review.
-
T cell infiltration on local CpG-B delivery in early-stage melanoma is predominantly related to CLEC9A+CD141+ cDC1 and CD14+ antigen-presenting cell recruitment.J Immunother Cancer. 2021 Mar;9(3):e001962. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001962. J Immunother Cancer. 2021. PMID: 33737341 Free PMC article.
-
The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist, imiquimod, and the TLR9 agonist, CpG ODN, induce antiviral cytokines and chemokines but do not prevent vaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus when applied intravaginally to rhesus macaques.J Virol. 2005 Nov;79(22):14355-70. doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.22.14355-14370.2005. J Virol. 2005. PMID: 16254370 Free PMC article.
-
Protein-DNA complex is the exclusive malaria parasite component that activates dendritic cells and triggers innate immune responses.J Immunol. 2010 Apr 15;184(8):4338-48. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903824. Epub 2010 Mar 15. J Immunol. 2010. PMID: 20231693 Free PMC article.
-
The plasmacytoid monocyte/interferon producing cells.Virchows Arch. 2003 Dec;443(6):703-17. doi: 10.1007/s00428-003-0918-8. Epub 2003 Oct 28. Virchows Arch. 2003. PMID: 14586652 Review. No abstract available.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Research Materials
