50 million years of chordate evolution: seeking the origins of adaptive immunity

doi:10.1073/pnas.97.13.6924

Comment

. 2000 Jun 20;97(13):6924-6.

doi: 10.1073/pnas.97.13.6924.

50 million years of chordate evolution: seeking the origins of adaptive immunity

D J Laird¹, A W De Tomaso, M D Cooper, I L Weissman

Affiliations

PMID: 10860947
PMCID: PMC34360
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.13.6924

Comment

50 million years of chordate evolution: seeking the origins of adaptive immunity

D J Laird et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000.

. 2000 Jun 20;97(13):6924-6.

doi: 10.1073/pnas.97.13.6924.

Authors

D J Laird¹, A W De Tomaso, M D Cooper, I L Weissman

Affiliation

¹ Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA. dlaird@leland.stanford.edu

PMID: 10860947
PMCID: PMC34360
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.13.6924

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Figures

**Figure 1**
Dendrogram showing evolutionary relationships between selected animal phyla and classes according to the current model (http://phylogeny.arizona.edu/tree/phylogeny.html). Speculative origin times of adaptive immune structures are indicated, as are documented histocompatibility systems. Divergence times are not to scale unless indicated.

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References

1. Klein J. Immunology. Boston.: Blackwell Scientific; 1990.
1. Magor B G, De Tomaso A, Rinkevich B, Weissman I L. Immunol Rev. 1999;167:69–79. - PubMed
1. Schluter S F, Bernstein R M, Bernstein H, Marchalonis J J. Dev Comp Immunol. 1999;23:107–111. - PubMed
1. Shintani S, Terzic J, Sato A, Saraga-Babic M, O'hUigin C, Tichy H, Klein J. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;97:7417–7422. - PMC - PubMed
1. Oettinger M A, Schatz D G, Gorka C, Baltimore D. Science. 1990;248:1517–1522. - PubMed

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[1] Klein J. Immunology. Boston.: Blackwell Scientific; 1990.

[2] Klein J. Immunology. Boston.: Blackwell Scientific; 1990.

[3] Magor B G, De Tomaso A, Rinkevich B, Weissman I L. Immunol Rev. 1999;167:69–79. - PubMed

[4] Magor B G, De Tomaso A, Rinkevich B, Weissman I L. Immunol Rev. 1999;167:69–79. - PubMed

[5] Schluter S F, Bernstein R M, Bernstein H, Marchalonis J J. Dev Comp Immunol. 1999;23:107–111. - PubMed

[6] Schluter S F, Bernstein R M, Bernstein H, Marchalonis J J. Dev Comp Immunol. 1999;23:107–111. - PubMed

[7] Shintani S, Terzic J, Sato A, Saraga-Babic M, O'hUigin C, Tichy H, Klein J. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;97:7417–7422. - PMC - PubMed

[8] Shintani S, Terzic J, Sato A, Saraga-Babic M, O'hUigin C, Tichy H, Klein J. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;97:7417–7422. - PMC - PubMed

[9] Oettinger M A, Schatz D G, Gorka C, Baltimore D. Science. 1990;248:1517–1522. - PubMed

[10] Oettinger M A, Schatz D G, Gorka C, Baltimore D. Science. 1990;248:1517–1522. - PubMed

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50 million years of chordate evolution: seeking the origins of adaptive immunity

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50 million years of chordate evolution: seeking the origins of adaptive immunity

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