The relevance of non-linear mathematics (chaos theory) to the treatment of cancer, the role of the immune response and the potential for vaccines
- PMID: 10616711
- DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/92.6.347
The relevance of non-linear mathematics (chaos theory) to the treatment of cancer, the role of the immune response and the potential for vaccines
Abstract
Non-linear mathematics or 'chaos' theory was first applied in the prediction of complex systems such as the weather. Chaotic systems exhibit not only apparently random unpredictability, but also a degree of determinism, in that randomness remains confined within specific parameters. Biological systems manifest many of the features of chaotic systems, including the inherent repetition of self, fractal structure, and the existence of strange attractors. In this article, the interaction between a tumour and the immune system is examined with regard to the capacity for immunotherapy to influence these two complex systems beneficially. It is postulated that judicious immunization may lead to profound changes in the stability of this interaction, in the favour of the immune system's ability to recognize tumour cells.
Similar articles
-
[Perspectives for tumour immunology: antigen-specific immunotherapy of malignant diseases].Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2001 Sep 14;126(37):1011-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2001-17111. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2001. PMID: 11555776 Review. German. No abstract available.
-
CpG DNA in cancer immunotherapy.Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2000;247:157-70. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-59672-8_11. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2000. PMID: 10689786 Review. No abstract available.
-
Cancer vaccines: what do we need to measure in clinical trials?Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014;10(11):3236-40. doi: 10.4161/hv.27586. Epub 2014 Nov 1. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014. PMID: 25483508 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Personalized Cancer Vaccines Advance in the Clinic.J Natl Cancer Inst. 2017 Nov 1;109(11). doi: 10.1093/jnci/djx245. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2017. PMID: 29095978 No abstract available.
-
Cellular and humoral immune responses of cancer patients to defined tumor antigens.Cancer Chemother Biol Response Modif. 2001;19:385-93. Cancer Chemother Biol Response Modif. 2001. PMID: 11686025 Review. No abstract available.
Cited by
-
New take on comparative immunology: relevance to immunotherapy.Immunotherapy. 2009 May;1(3):355-66. doi: 10.2217/imt.09.10. Immunotherapy. 2009. PMID: 20635956 Free PMC article.
-
Chronic immune activation and inflammation as the cause of malignancy.Br J Cancer. 2001 Aug 17;85(4):473-83. doi: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1943. Br J Cancer. 2001. PMID: 11506482 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Clinicobiological, prognostic and therapeutic implications of the tumor microenvironment in follicular lymphoma.Haematologica. 2009 Jan;94(1):16-21. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2008.001255. Haematologica. 2009. PMID: 19118376 Free PMC article.
-
Cell Adaptive Fitness and Cancer Evolutionary Dynamics.Cancer Inform. 2023 Feb 23;22:11769351231154679. doi: 10.1177/11769351231154679. eCollection 2023. Cancer Inform. 2023. PMID: 36860424 Free PMC article.
-
Bottom up: a modular view of immunology.Immunity. 2008 Jul 18;29(1):9-11. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.07.002. Immunity. 2008. PMID: 18631452 Free PMC article.
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
