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Review
. 1998 May 15;63(1-2):111-21.
doi: 10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00087-7.

Effect of GM-CSF on HIV-1 replication in monocytes/macrophages in vivo and in vitro: a review

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Review

Effect of GM-CSF on HIV-1 replication in monocytes/macrophages in vivo and in vitro: a review

K Kedzierska et al. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. .

Abstract

Cells of macrophage lineage constitute the main cellular target of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1). Replication of HIV-1 in monocyte/macrophages is generally augmented by factors promoting their differentiation. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a key regular of the differentiation of cells of macrophage lineage. The effects of GM-CSF on HIV-1 replication in vitro are still controversial. Most of the published studies suggest that GM-CSF upregulates HIV-1 expression in both primary cultured macrophages and promonocytic cell lines. There have also been reports demonstrating that GM-CSF does not affect HIV-1 replication in cells of macrophage lineage or that GM-CSF can actually suppress HIV-1 expression. In vivo, GM-CSF administrated to HIV-positive patients at any stage of disease, without any antiretroviral therapy, appears to increase HIV-1 activity. The possible mechanism by which GM-CSF might affect HIV-1 replication in macrophages remains unclear.

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