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Review
. 1998 Jan;11(1):202-27.
doi: 10.1128/CMR.11.1.202.

Molecular typing of enteroviruses: current status and future requirements. The European Union Concerted Action on Virus Meningitis and Encephalitis

P Muir  1 , U Kämmerer, K Korn, M N Mulders, T Pöyry, B Weissbrich, R Kandolf, G M Cleator, A M van Loon
Affiliations
Review

Molecular typing of enteroviruses: current status and future requirements. The European Union Concerted Action on Virus Meningitis and Encephalitis

P Muir et al. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998 Jan.

Abstract

Human enteroviruses have traditionally been typed according to neutralization serotype. This procedure is limited by the difficulty in culturing some enteroviruses, the availability of antisera for serotyping, and the cost and technical complexity of serotyping procedures. Furthermore, the impact of information derived from enterovirus serotyping is generally perceived to be low. Enteroviruses are now increasingly being detected by PCR rather than by culture. Classical typing methods will therefore no longer be possible in most instances. An alternative means of enterovirus typing, employing PCR in conjunction with molecular genetic techniques such as nucleotide sequencing or nucleic acid hybridization, would complement molecular diagnosis, may overcome some of the problems associated with serotyping, and would provide additional information regarding the epidemiology and biological properties of enteroviruses. We argue the case for developing a molecular typing system, discuss the genetic basis of such a system, review the literature describing attempts to identify or classify enteroviruses by molecular methods, and suggest ways in which the goal of molecular typing may be realized.

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Figures

FIG. 1
FIG. 1
Genetic organization of poliovirus type 1 (Mahoney), the type member of genus Enterovirus of Picornaviridae. The polyprotein encoded by the single open reading frame is shown as an elongated rectangle, the 5′ and 3′ noncoding regions are shown as lines, and the genome-linked protein (VPg) is indicated by a black circle. Cleavage sites between individual viral proteins are shown above the genome at appropriate locations; these proteins are described within the rectangle according to the L434 nomenclature (383a); the capsid proteins 1AB, 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D are commonly referred to as VP0, VP4, VP2, VP3, and VP1, respectively. The proteinases 2Apro, 3Cpro, and 3CDpro are represented by shaded boxes. The structural protein precursor P1 and the nonstructural protein precursors P2 and P3 are indicated above the polyprotein. Reprinted from reference with permission of the publisher.
FIG. 2
FIG. 2
Dendrogram based on the nucleotide identity of the 5′ UTR. Sequences used for comparison are given in Table 2.
FIG. 3
FIG. 3
Genetic relationships among human enteroviruses. Dendrogram based on amino acid similarity of a 70-amino-acid sequence in the junction of VP4 and VP2. Sequences used for comparison are given in Table 2.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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