On the theory of membrane fusion. The stalk mechanism
- PMID: 6510702
On the theory of membrane fusion. The stalk mechanism
Abstract
Based on literary data, conditions necessary for membrane fusion are discussed. It is proposed that fusion mechanisms should be classified according to the primary act involving a change in the membrane structure. Two principal fusion mechanisms are identified: the stalk mechanism, starting with the appearance of a stalk between approaching membranes, and the adhesion mechanism which involves bilayer reorganization as a result of a tight junction of the membranes. The origin and evolution of the monolayer and bilayer stalks between membranes are analysed. Using the expression for the elastic energy of the stalk it was possible to find the value of the spontaneous curvature of its membrane, Ks, at which the existence of a stalk is in principle possible. It is shown that, within the framework of the stalk mechanism, there exists a possibility of either the formation of a stalk of a finite radius, or complete fusion. The Ks values have been determined at which one of the variants occur. The energy barrier of the hydrophobic interaction and the elastic energy barrier, which have to be overcome by the membranes to form the stalk are analysed. The theoretical analysis of the stalk formation mechanism is supported by experimental data. It has been shown by freeze-fracture electron microscopy that the addition of Ca+2, Mg+2, Mn+2 or Cd+2 to suspensions of egg phosphatidylcholine and cardiolipin (1:1 or 3:1) leads to the formation of numerous intramembrane particles (imp's) and crater-like (stalk) structures.
Similar articles
-
[Possible mechanism of membrane fusion].Biofizika. 1983 Mar-Apr;28(2):242-7. Biofizika. 1983. PMID: 6849992 Russian.
-
On the theory of membrane fusion. The adhesion-condensation mechanism.Gen Physiol Biophys. 1984 Oct;3(5):379-402. Gen Physiol Biophys. 1984. PMID: 6510703
-
The mechanisms of lipid-protein rearrangements during viral infection.Bioelectrochemistry. 2004 Jun;63(1-2):129-36. doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2003.10.016. Bioelectrochemistry. 2004. PMID: 15110263 Review.
-
The modified stalk mechanism of lamellar/inverted phase transitions and its implications for membrane fusion.Biophys J. 1999 Jan;76(1 Pt 1):291-313. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(99)77197-3. Biophys J. 1999. PMID: 9876142 Free PMC article.
-
Probing bacterial interactions: integrated approaches combining atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy and biophysical techniques.Micron. 2005;36(4):293-320. doi: 10.1016/j.micron.2004.11.005. Epub 2005 Feb 17. Micron. 2005. PMID: 15857770 Review.
Cited by
-
An intimate collaboration between peroxisomes and lipid bodies.J Cell Biol. 2006 Jun 5;173(5):719-31. doi: 10.1083/jcb.200511125. Epub 2006 May 30. J Cell Biol. 2006. PMID: 16735577 Free PMC article.
-
Theory of lipid polymorphism: application to phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine.Biophys J. 2000 Jan;78(1):34-46. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3495(00)76570-2. Biophys J. 2000. PMID: 10620271 Free PMC article.
-
Continuum Models of Membrane Fusion: Evolution of the Theory.Int J Mol Sci. 2020 May 29;21(11):3875. doi: 10.3390/ijms21113875. Int J Mol Sci. 2020. PMID: 32485905 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Direct quantitative detection of Doc2b-induced hemifusion in optically trapped membranes.Nat Commun. 2015 Sep 23;6:8387. doi: 10.1038/ncomms9387. Nat Commun. 2015. PMID: 26395669 Free PMC article.
-
Ensemble molecular dynamics yields submillisecond kinetics and intermediates of membrane fusion.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Aug 8;103(32):11916-21. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0601597103. Epub 2006 Jul 31. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006. PMID: 16880392 Free PMC article.