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Review
. 2024 Nov 5:15:1490896.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1490896. eCollection 2024.

Emerging strategies to overcome ovarian cancer: advances in immunotherapy

Tatiana Massariol Pimenta #  1 , Josiany Carlos de Souza #  2 , Bárbara da Silva Martins #  1 , Solenny Maria Silva Butzene #  1 , José Matheus Simões Padilha #  1 , Milleny Ganho Marçal #  1 , Guilherme Dos Santos Elias  3 , Leticia Batista Azevedo Rangel  1   2   3
Affiliations
Review

Emerging strategies to overcome ovarian cancer: advances in immunotherapy

Tatiana Massariol Pimenta et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is the second most common malignant neoplasm of gynecological origin and the leading cause of death from cancer in the female reproductive system worldwide. This scenario is largely due to late diagnoses, often in advanced stages, and the development of chemoresistance by cancer cells. These challenges highlight the need for alternative treatments, with immunotherapy being a promising option. Cancer immunotherapy involves triggering an anti-tumor immune response and developing immunological memory to eliminate malignant cells, prevent recurrence, and inhibit metastasis. Some ongoing research investigate potentially immunological advancements in the field of cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint blockade, CAR-T cell, and other strategies.

Keywords: CAR-T cell therapy; antibody therapy; cancer vaccines; immunotherapy; ovarian cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Types of therapeutic cancer vaccines and the main mechanism induced. The immune system response is generated against the tumor leading to cancer cell death and immunological memory.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
The Role of Exosomes. Exosomes play a physiological role in cellular communication, immune system modulation, and maintenance of the extracellular matrix. In OC, they are associated with tumor progression, proliferation, migration, invasion, and regulation of TME. Tumor cell-derived exosomes can serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and early detection of chemoresistance. Additionally, modified exosomes, such as those derived from hUC-MSCs or engineered using nanotechnology, may aid in treatment by reducing tumor progression and potentially modulating the TME.
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