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. 2024 Nov 11;14(1):27544.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79297-z.

Exploring mortality risk factors and specific causes of death within 30 days after hip fracture hospitalization

Cheng-Yi Wu  1   2 , Ching-Fang Tsai  3 , Yueh-Han Hsu  4   5   6 , Hsin-Yi Yang  7
Affiliations

Exploring mortality risk factors and specific causes of death within 30 days after hip fracture hospitalization

Cheng-Yi Wu et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

This study examined the sex-specific mortality risk and causes of death soon after hip fracture in Taiwan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the 30-day mortality risk and cause of death in patients with hip fracture and identify its associated risk factors. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan from 2000 to 2015. This study included patients aged 50 years or older who were admitted to a hospital with a hip fracture diagnosis for the first time. Of 285,891 patients hospitalized for their first hip fracture, 8,505 (2.98%) died within 30 days. The mortality risk of hip fracture declined from 3.76% in 2000 to 2.92% in 2015. Circulatory system diseases like ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease were the most common cause of death and accounted for 22% of deaths within 30 days after fracture. Accidents and unintentional injuries caused 18% of deaths, followed by malignant neoplasms in 10% of deaths. Multivariate Cox regression identified older age, male sex, higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), suburban or rural residence, and lower income as risk factors for hip fracture mortality. The 30-day mortality risk of hip fractures has decreased but remains correlated with male sex, older age, and comorbidities. Circulatory diseases were the main cause of death. Early identification and treatment by experienced clinicians may optimize outcomes, minimize complications, and reduce mortality risk in the 30 days following hip fracture.

Keywords: Cause of death; Gender difference; Hip fracture; Mortality; Temporal trends.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart showing patient selection in this study.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
a Mortality rates of hip fracture for Taiwanese adults aged older than 50, stratified by sex and year (2000–2015); b age-related mortality rates of hip fracture in the overall population, females, and males.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The proportional distribution of the major causes of death among hip fracture patients. a Overall population; b by sex; c by age group.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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