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Review
. 2024 Oct 11;10(20):e39251.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39251. eCollection 2024 Oct 30.

Exosome-based cell therapy for diabetic foot ulcers: Present and prospect

Zhou Yang  1 , Mengling Yang  1 , Shunli Rui  1 , Wei Hao  1 , Xiaohua Wu  1 , Lian Guo  2 , David G Armstrong  3 , Cheng Yang  1 , Wuquan Deng  1
Affiliations
Review

Exosome-based cell therapy for diabetic foot ulcers: Present and prospect

Zhou Yang et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) represent a serious complication of diabetes with high incidence, requiring intensive treatment, prolonged hospitalization, and high costs. It poses a severe threat to the patient's life, resulting in substantial burdens on patient and healthcare system. However, the therapy of DFUs remains challenging. Therefore, exploring cell-free therapies for DFUs is both critical and urgent. Exosomes, as crucial mediators of intercellular communication, have been demonstrated potentially effective in anti-inflammation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and migration, and collagen deposition. These functions have been proven beneficial in all stages of diabetic wound healing. This review aims to summarize the role and mechanisms of exosomes from diverse cellular sources in diabetic wound healing research. In addition, we elaborate on the challenges for clinical application, discuss the advantages of membrane vesicles as exosome mimics in wound healing, and present the therapeutic potential of exosomes and their mimetic vesicles for future clinical applications.

Keywords: Diabetic foot ulcers; Exosomes; Membrane vesicles; Regenerative medicine; Wound healing.

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Conflict of interest statement

We hereby declare that there are no conflicts of interest to report. This encompasses financial, consultative, institutional, and other forms of conflicts that might bias the work submitted. We understand the importance of this declaration in maintaining the integrity of the scientific record and assert that no such conflicts exist. These disclosures do not alter our adherence to Elsevier policies on sharing data and materials in the review and publication of our manuscript. We have disclosed all information regarding any potential conflicts of interest to the best of our knowledge and believe. Thank you for your consideration of our work. We trust that this declaration will assist the editorial process and contribute to the integrity of the scholarly record.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in promoting wound healing in diabetic models.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Continuous extrusion for cells or cell membranes with porous polycarbonate membranes could be utilized to produce vesicles with uniform size. These membrane vesicles load effective molecules to accelerate diabetic wound healing.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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