Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Sep 12;16(18):3139.
doi: 10.3390/cancers16183139.

Receptors and Host Factors for Enterovirus Infection: Implications for Cancer Therapy

Olga N Alekseeva  1 , Le T Hoa  2 , Pavel O Vorobyev  1 , Dmitriy V Kochetkov  1 , Yana D Gumennaya  1 , Elizaveta R Naberezhnaya  1 , Denis O Chuvashov  1 , Alexander V Ivanov  1 , Peter M Chumakov  1 , Anastasia V Lipatova  1
Affiliations
Review

Receptors and Host Factors for Enterovirus Infection: Implications for Cancer Therapy

Olga N Alekseeva et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

Enteroviruses, with their diverse clinical manifestations ranging from mild or asymptomatic infections to severe diseases such as poliomyelitis and viral myocarditis, present a public health threat. However, they can also be used as oncolytic agents. This review shows the intricate relationship between enteroviruses and host cell factors. Enteroviruses utilize specific receptors and coreceptors for cell entry that are critical for infection and subsequent viral replication. These receptors, many of which are glycoproteins, facilitate virus binding, capsid destabilization, and internalization into cells, and their expression defines virus tropism towards various types of cells. Since enteroviruses can exploit different receptors, they have high oncolytic potential for personalized cancer therapy, as exemplified by the antitumor activity of certain enterovirus strains including the bioselected non-pathogenic Echovirus type 7/Rigvir, approved for melanoma treatment. Dissecting the roles of individual receptors in the entry of enteroviruses can provide valuable insights into their potential in cancer therapy. This review discusses the application of gene-targeting techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 technology to investigate the impact of the loss of a particular receptor on the attachment of the virus and its subsequent internalization. It also summarizes the data on their expression in various types of cancer. By understanding how enteroviruses interact with specific cellular receptors, researchers can develop more effective regimens of treatment, offering hope for more targeted and efficient therapeutic strategies.

Keywords: CRISPR/Cas9 technology; coxsackievirus; echovirus; enterovirus; oncolytic virus; viral receptors.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Receptors used by enteroviruses for cell entry.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A schematic representation of interferon induction system activation during enteroviral infection.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Vorobyev P.O., Babaeva F.E., Panova A.V., Shakiba J., Kravchenko S.K., Soboleva A.V., Lipatova A.V. Oncolytic Viruses in the Therapy of Lymphoproliferative Diseases. Mol. Biol. 2022;56:684–695. doi: 10.1134/S0026893322050144. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Genoni A., Canducci F., Rossi A., Broccolo F., Chumakov K., Bono G., Salerno-Uriarte J., Salvatoni A., Pugliese A., Toniolo A. Revealing enterovirus infection in chronic human disorders: An integrated diagnostic approach. Sci. Rep. 2017;7:5013. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04993-y. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Fieldhouse J.K., Wang X., Mallinson K.A., Tsao R.W., Gray G.C. A systematic review of evidence that enteroviruses may be zoonotic. Emerg. Microbes Infect. 2018;7:164. doi: 10.1038/s41426-018-0159-1. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wang S.H., Wang K., Zhao K., Hua S.C., Du J. The Structure, Function, and Mechanisms of Action of Enterovirus Non-structural Protein 2C. Front. Microbiol. 2020;11:615965. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.615965. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Baggen J., Thibaut H.J., Strating J., van Kuppeveld F.J.M. The life cycle of non-polio enteroviruses and how to target it. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2018;16:368–381. doi: 10.1038/s41579-018-0005-4. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources