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. 2024 Oct 4;23(10):4589-4600.
doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00484. Epub 2024 Sep 17.

Characterizations of Protein Arginine Deiminase 1 as a Substrate of NTMT1: Implications of Nα-Methylation in Protein Stability and Interaction

Ying Meng  1 , Zhouxian Li  2 , Ming He  1 , Quanqing Zhang  2 , Youchao Deng  1 , Yinsheng Wang  2 , Rong Huang  1
Affiliations

Characterizations of Protein Arginine Deiminase 1 as a Substrate of NTMT1: Implications of Nα-Methylation in Protein Stability and Interaction

Ying Meng et al. J Proteome Res. .

Abstract

α-N-Methylation (Nα-methylation), catalyzed by protein N-terminal methyltransferases (NTMTs), constitutes a crucial post-translational modification involving the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) to the Nα-terminal amino group of substrate proteins. NTMT1/2 are known to methylate canonical Nα sequences, such as X-P-K/R. With over 300 potential human protein substrates, only a small fraction has been validated, and even less is known about the functions of Nα-methylation. This study delves into the characterizations of protein arginine deiminase 1 (PAD1) as a substrate of NTMT1. By employing biochemical and cellular assays, we demonstrated NTMT1-mediated Nα-methylation of PAD1, leading to an increase in protein half-life and the modulation of protein-protein interactions in HEK293T cells. The methylation of PAD1 appears nonessential to its enzymatic activity or cellular localization. Proteomic studies revealed differential protein interactions between unmethylated and Nα-methylated PAD1, suggesting a regulatory role for Nα-methylation in modulating PAD1's protein-protein interactions. These findings shed light on the intricate molecular mechanisms governing PAD1 function and expand our knowledge of Nα-methylation in regulating protein function.

Keywords: NTMT1; Nα-methylation; PAD1; protein stability; protein−protein interactions.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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