Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Sep 2:11:1400907.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1400907. eCollection 2024.

Causal relationship between dietary intake and IgA nephropathy: a Mendelian randomization study

Yaping Li #  1 , Shengli Wan #  1 , Jing Liu  2 , Yilan Huang  1   3 , Longyang Jiang  1   3
Affiliations

Causal relationship between dietary intake and IgA nephropathy: a Mendelian randomization study

Yaping Li et al. Front Nutr. .

Abstract

Objective: Previous studies have reported that dietary intake is associated with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). However, the causal relationship remains unknown. Based on publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causal association between 26 dietary exposures and IgAN.

Methods: Five methods, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode, were applied in the MR analysis. To identify the presence of horizontal pleiotropy, we used the MR-Egger intercept test and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) global test. Cochran's Q statistics were used to assess instrument heterogeneity. We conducted sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out method.

Results: Finally, the results indicated alcohol intake frequency (odds ratio [OR] (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 1.267 (1.100-1.460), p = 0.0010295) was a risk factor of IgAN, while cheese intake (OR (95% CI) = 0.626 (0.492-0.798), p = 0.0001559), cereal intake (OR (95% CI) = 0.652 (0.439-0.967), p = 0.0334126), and sushi intake (OR (95% CI) = 0.145 (0.021-0.997), p = 0.0497) were protective factors of IgAN. No causal relationship was found between IgAN and the rest of the dietary exposures.

Conclusion: Our study provided genetic evidence that alcohol intake frequency was associated with an increased risk of IgAN, while cheese, cereal, and sushi intake were associated with a decreased risk of IgAN. Further investigation is required to confirm these results.

Keywords: IgA nephropathy; Mendelian randomization; dietary intake; genome-wide association study (GWAS); incidence risk.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The three assumptions of the MR analysis. SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms. IgA, immunoglobulin A.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of cheese intake on IgAN. (A) Scatter plot of the causal effect of cheese intake on IgAN. (B) Funnel plot of the causal effect of cheese intake on IgAN. (C) Forest plot of the causal effect of cheese intake on IgAN. (D) Forest plot of the leave-one-out analysis.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of alcohol intake frequency on IgAN. (A) Scatter plot of the causal effect of alcohol intake frequency on IgAN. (B) Funnel plot of the causal effect of alcohol intake frequency on IgAN. (C) Forest plot of the causal effect of alcohol intake frequency on IgAN. (D) Forest plot of the leave-one-out analysis.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of cereal intake on IgAN. (A) Scatter plot of the causal effect of cereal intake on IgAN. (B) Funnel plot of the causal effect of cereal intake on IgAN. (C) Forest plot of the causal effect of cereal intake on IgAN. (D) Forest plot of the leave-one-out analysis.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effects of sushi intake on IgAN. (A) Scatter plot of the causal effect of sushi intake on IgAN. (B) Funnel plot of the causal effect of sushi intake on IgAN. (C) Forest plot of the causal effect of sushi intake on IgAN. (D) Forest plot of the leave-one-out analysis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Schena FP, Nistor I. Epidemiology of IgA nephropathy: a global perspective. Semin Nephrol. (2018) 38:435–42. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.05.013, PMID: - DOI - PubMed
    1. Suzuki H, Kiryluk K, Novak J, Moldoveanu Z, Herr AB, Renfrow MB, et al. . The pathophysiology of IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. (2011) 22:1795–803. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2011050464, PMID: - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. McGrogan A, Franssen CF, de Vries CS. The incidence of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide: a systematic review of the literature. Nephrol Dial Transplant. (2011) 26:414–30. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfq665 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Sallustio F, Curci C, Di Leo V, Gallone A, Pesce F, Gesualdo L. A new vision of IgA nephropathy: the missing link. Int J Mol Sci. (2019) 21:189. doi: 10.3390/ijms21010189, PMID: - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rovin BH, Adler SG, Barratt J, Bridoux F, Burdge KA, Chan TM, et al. . Executive summary of the KDIGO 2021 guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases. Kidney Int. (2021) 100:753–79. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.05.015, PMID: - DOI - PubMed

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, grant number 2017-PT-18 (Project leader: YL); Doctoral Research Initiation Fund of Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, grant number not available (Project leader: LJ).

LinkOut - more resources