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. 2024 Nov;34(11):763-775.
doi: 10.1038/s41422-024-01012-4. Epub 2024 Sep 9.

Impaired 2',3'-cyclic phosphate tRNA repair causes thermo-sensitive genic male sterility in rice

Bin Yan #  1 , Chunyan Liu #  2 , Jing Sun #  1   3 , Yang Mao #  4 , Can Zhou #  1   5 , Ji Li  1   5 , Wei Liu  1 , Shengdong Li  1   5 , Wei Yan  6 , Chenjian Fu  7 , Peng Qin  7 , Xingxue Fu  7 , Xinghui Zhao  7 , Xianwei Song  8 , Jiawei Nie  4   5 , Feng Gao  4 , Yuanzhu Yang  9   10   11 , Yuhang Chen  12   13 , Xiaofeng Cao  14   15
Affiliations

Impaired 2',3'-cyclic phosphate tRNA repair causes thermo-sensitive genic male sterility in rice

Bin Yan et al. Cell Res. 2024 Nov.

Abstract

Hybrid rice, widely planted in Asia, is pathogen resistant and has superior yields, making it a major contributor to global food security. The two-line hybrid rice system, which utilizes mutants exhibiting photo-/thermo-sensitive genic male sterility (P/TGMS), is the leading hybrid rice breeding technology. Mutations in THERMO-SENSITIVE GENIC MALE STERILE 5 (TMS5) accounts for over 95% of current TGMS lines. We previously found that tms5 carries a mutation in ribonuclease ZS1. Despite its importance for breeding robust rice lines, the mechanism underlying tms5-mediated TGMS remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that TMS5 is a tRNA 2',3'-cyclic phosphatase. The tms5 mutation leads to accumulation of 2',3'-cyclic phosphate (cP)-ΔCCA-tRNAs (tRNAs without 3' CCA ended with cP), which is exacerbated by high temperatures, and reduction in the abundance of mature tRNAs, particularly alanine tRNAs (tRNA-Alas). Overexpression of tRNA-Alas in the tms5 mutant restores male fertility to 70%. Remarkably, male fertility of tms5 mutant is completely restored at high temperatures by knocking out OsVms1 which encodes the enzyme for cP-ΔCCA-tRNA generation. Our study reveals the mechanism underlying tms5-mediated TGMS in rice and provides mechanistic insight into the further improvement of TGMS in hybrid crop development.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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