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Review
. 2024 Oct 25:1735:465318.
doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465318. Epub 2024 Aug 31.

A review of intact glycopeptide enrichment and glycan separation through hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography stationary phase materials

Saima Rafique  1 , Shuang Yang  2 , Muhammad Salman Sajid  3 , Muhammad Faheem  4
Affiliations
Review

A review of intact glycopeptide enrichment and glycan separation through hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography stationary phase materials

Saima Rafique et al. J Chromatogr A. .

Abstract

Protein glycosylation, one of the most important biologically relevant post-translational modifications for biomarker discovery, faces analytical challenges due to heterogeneous glycosite, diverse glycans, and mass spectrometry limitations. Glycopeptide enrichment by removing abundant hydrophobic peptides helps overcome some of these obstacles. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), known for its selectivity, glycan separations, intact glycopeptide enrichment, and compatibility with mass spectrometry, has seen recent advancements in stationary phases like Amide-80, glycoHILIC, amino acids or peptides for improved HILIC-based glycopeptide analysis. Utilization of these materials can improve glycopeptide enrichment through solid-phase extraction and separation via high-performance liquid chromatography. Additionally, using glycopeptides themselves to modify HILIC stationary phases holds promise for improving selectivity and sensitivity in glycosylation analysis. Additionally, HILIC has capability to assess the information about glycosites and structural information of glycans. This review summarizes recent breakthroughs in HILIC stationary materials, highlighting their impact on glycopeptide analysis. Ongoing research on advanced materials continues to refine HILIC's performance, solidifying its value as a tool for exploring protein glycosylation.

Keywords: Glycoproteomics; Glycosylation; HILIC; Mass spectrometry; Molecular dynamics simulations (MDS).

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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