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. 2024 Aug 6:15:1397939.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1397939. eCollection 2024.

Evaluating the impact of ecological factors on the quality and habitat distribution of Lonicera japonica Flos using HPLC and the MaxEnt model

Jiali Cheng #  1 , Fengxia Guo  1 , Liyang Wang  1 , Zhigang Li  2 , Chunyan Zhou  3 , Hongyan Wang  1 , Wei Liang  1 , Xiaofeng Jiang  4 , Yuan Chen  1 , Pengbin Dong #  1
Affiliations

Evaluating the impact of ecological factors on the quality and habitat distribution of Lonicera japonica Flos using HPLC and the MaxEnt model

Jiali Cheng et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Introduction: The quality of traditional Chinese medicine is based on the content of their secondary metabolites, which vary with habitat adaptation and ecological factors. This study focuses on Lonicera japonica Flos (LJF), a key traditional herbal medicine, and aims to evaluate how ecological factors impact its quality.

Methods: We developed a new evaluation method combining high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting technology and MaxEnt models to assess the effects of ecological factors on LJF quality. The MaxEnt model was used to predict suitable habitats for current and future scenarios, while HPLC was employed to analyze the contents of key compounds. We also used ArcGIS for spatial analysis to create a quality zoning map.

Results: The analysis identified 21 common chromatographic peaks, with significant variations in the contents of Hyperoside, Rutin, Chlorogenic acid, Cynaroside, and Isochlorogenic acid A across different habitats. Key environmental variables influencing LJF distribution were identified, including temperature, precipitation, and elevation. The current suitable habitats primarily include regions south of the Yangtze River. Under future climate scenarios, suitable areas are expected to shift, with notable expansions in southern Gansu, southeastern Tibet, and southern Liaoning. The spatial distribution maps revealed that high-quality LJF is predominantly found in central and southern Hebei, northern Henan, central Shandong, central Sichuan, southern Guangdong, and Taiwan.

Discussion: The study indicates that suitable growth areas can promote the accumulation of certain secondary metabolites in plants, as the accumulation of these metabolites varies. The results underscore the necessity of optimizing quality based on cultivation practices. The integration of HPLC fingerprinting technology and the MaxEnt model provides valuable insights for the conservation and cultivation of herbal resources, offering a new perspective on evaluating the impact of ecological factors on the quality of traditional Chinese medicines.

Keywords: HPLC fingerprint; Lonicera japonica Flos; MaxEnt model; quality evaluation; species distribution.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic illustration of the proposed strategy for evaluating the influence of ecological factors on the quality of LJF.
Figure 2
Figure 2
LJF included in this study, their collection sites and geographical coordinates.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Correlation between environmental factors.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) ROC curve and AUC values. (B) Jackknife test results of ecological factors to LJF under modern climate conditions. (C) Prediction of LJF suitable area under modern climate conditions. (D) Suitable area (km2) for LJF in China under different climate conditions.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Response curves of the current existence probability of LJF to the environmental variables.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Prediction of LJF suitable area under future climate conditions. (A). 2050s-SSP126, (B). 2050s-SSP370, (C). 2050s-SSP585, (D). 2090s-SSP126, (E). 2090s-SSP370, (F). 2090s-SSP585.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Interglacial period ((A) migration route; (B) migration distance). Among them, the meaning of the letters were (A) current, (B) 2050s-SSP126, (C) 2090s-SSP126, (D) 2050s-SSP370, (E) 2090s-SSP370, (F) 2050s-SSP585, (G) 2090s-SSP585.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(A) Standard fingerprints of LJF in eleven regions. (B) Reference fingerprint. The serial numbers S1-11 represent Guangdong, Shandong, Yunnan, Hubei, Henan, Jiangxi, Hebei, Sichuan, Shanxi, Hunan and Gansu province, respectively. The numbers 1, 13, 15, 16, 21 represent Ch.a, Rt, Hyp, Cyn, Isa A.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Correlation heatmap between chemical composition and ecological factors.
Figure 10
Figure 10
The spatial distribution of the content of Hyp (A) and Ch.a (B).
Figure 11
Figure 11
The quality zoning map of LJF in Distribution areas.
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Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was supported by the “Star of Innovation” project for graduate students in Gansu Province in 2023(2023CXZX-648); Lonicera japonica Flos seedling breeding and integrated application of cost-saving and efficiency technology (2021YFD11005042); The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Capacity Building Project of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (2109-00000020-01-199092).

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