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Review
. 2024 Aug 2:5:1426507.
doi: 10.3389/froh.2024.1426507. eCollection 2024.

Recent advances in minimally invasive biomarkers of OSCC: from generalized to personalized approach

Smriti Suri  1 , Geeta S Boora  1 , Rajandeep Kaur  1 , Anshika Chauhan  1 , Sushmita Ghoshal  2 , Arnab Pal  1
Affiliations
Review

Recent advances in minimally invasive biomarkers of OSCC: from generalized to personalized approach

Smriti Suri et al. Front Oral Health. .

Abstract

Oral cancer is the 6th most common type of cancer worldwide, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for >90% of oral cancers. It is a major health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), due to both its high incidence and significant mortality and morbidity. Despite being a global burden, and even with the significant advancement in the management of OSCC, the overall outcome of the disease is still abysmal. With the advent of time, advanced diagnostic and treatment approaches have come into practice, but the burden of the disease has not improved significantly. Major reasons attributed to the poor outcome are delay in diagnosis, locoregional recurrence and resistance to the currently available treatment regimen. In this review, we have highlighted the existing challenges in the diagnosis and have emphasized the advancements in minimally invasive biomarkers. Additionally, the importance of collaborative multidimensional approaches involving clinicians and researchers has been discussed, as well as the need to redefine and establish better utility and management of existing diagnostic and treatment protocols along with the minimally invasive/non-invasive biomarkers.

Keywords: circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA); circulating tumour cell (CTC); genomic biomarkers; minimally invasive biomarker; oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); proteomic biomarker.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Approaches in the diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC: the figure depicting the advancements from traditional and generalised to recent minimally/non-invasive and personalised approach for the early diagnosis and better prognosis of OSCC. TNM, tumour, node, metastasis; CTCs, circulating tumour cells; ctDNA, circulating tumour DNA; EVs, extracellular vesicles.
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The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

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