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. 2024 Oct:230:105987.
doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105987. Epub 2024 Aug 13.

Characterization of therapeutic antibody efficacy against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in the hamster model

Yu Cong  1 , Saurabh Dixit  1 , Donna L Perry  1 , Louis M Huzella  1 , Erin Kollins  1 , Russell Byrum  1 , Scott M Anthony  1 , David Drawbaugh  1 , Sanae Lembirik  1 , Elena Postnikova  1 , Brett Eaton  1 , Michael Murphy  1 , Gregory Kocher  1 , Kyra Hadley  1 , Anthony E Marketon  1 , Rebecca M Bernbaum  1 , Amanda M W Hischak  1 , Randy Hart  1 , Nick Vaughan  1 , Jiro Wada  1 , Jing Qin  2 , Marisa C St Claire  1 , Connie S Schmaljohn  1 , Michael R Holbrook  3
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Characterization of therapeutic antibody efficacy against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in the hamster model

Yu Cong et al. Antiviral Res. 2024 Oct.

Abstract

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and onset of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic led to an immediate need for therapeutic treatment options. Therapeutic antibodies were developed to fill a gap when traditional antivirals were not available. In late 2020, the United States Government undertook an effort to compare candidate therapeutic antibodies in virus neutralization assays and in the hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, the effort expanded to evaluate the efficacy of nearly 50 products against major variants. A subset of products was further evaluated for therapeutic efficacy in hamsters. Here we report results of the hamster studies, including pathogenicity with multiple variants, neutralization capacity of products, and efficacy testing of products against Delta and Omicron variants. These studies demonstrate the loss of efficacy of early products with variant emergence and support the use of the hamster model for evaluating therapeutics.

Keywords: Efficacy evaluation; Hamster; Natural history study therapeutic antibody; SARS-CoV-2; Variants.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests.

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