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. 2024 Jan 12:2024:6507185.
doi: 10.1155/2024/6507185. eCollection 2024.

Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Antidiabetic Herbal Preparations: A Safety Screening

Nazmul Islam  1   2 , Rausan Zamir  3 , Md Omar Faruque  1
Affiliations

Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Antidiabetic Herbal Preparations: A Safety Screening

Nazmul Islam et al. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. .

Abstract

The present study evaluates the human health risk of metals in locally consumed herbal preparations used to treat diabetes. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used after microwave-assisted digestion to mineralize the samples. Toxic metal assessment was done by adopting mathematical modeling for carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks in the exposed population and comparing the raw results with maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by regulatory authorities. Hazard quotient (HQ) values for Fe, Hg, Cu, Pb, and Zn were recorded above 1. Noncarcinogenic health risks remain in 29% of samples for Fe, 67% of samples for Hg, 17% of samples for Cu, 33% of samples for Pb, and 4% of samples for Zn. Hazard index (HI) values in 33% of samples were above 1. Carcinogenic risks for Pb, Cr, Cd, and Ni were higher than the acceptable limit (1 × 10-6). Carcinogenic health risks exist in 54% of samples for Pb, 58% of samples for Cr, 46% of samples for Cd, and 58% of samples for Ni. MRLs for metals were crossed in samples in varying degrees. This is a harrowing account and may put public health safety at risk. Considering these facts, there should be more investigation into toxic metals in other frequently marketed herbal drugs in the antidiabetic and other therapeutic classes. Pre- and postmarket monitoring strategies for the preparations should also be in place to ensure safe consumption.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of the manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Sampling locations in Rajshahi City Corporation Area in Bangladesh.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Drug safety plot for toxic metals in investigated antidiabetic herbal preparations.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic representation for entrance and mitigation of toxic metals from source to herbal preparations.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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