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Review
. 2024 Jul 9;16(7):1102.
doi: 10.3390/v16071102.

Role of miRNA in Highly Pathogenic H5 Avian Influenza Virus Infection: An Emphasis on Cellular and Chicken Models

Dibakar Chowdhury  1 , Md Nayeem  2 , Hillary A Vanderven  3   4   5 , Subir Sarker  3   4
Affiliations
Review

Role of miRNA in Highly Pathogenic H5 Avian Influenza Virus Infection: An Emphasis on Cellular and Chicken Models

Dibakar Chowdhury et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

The avian influenza virus, particularly the H5N1 strain, poses a significant and ongoing threat to both human and animal health. Recent outbreaks have affected domestic and wild birds on a massive scale, raising concerns about the virus' spread to mammals. This review focuses on the critical role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulating pro-inflammatory signaling pathways during the pathogenesis of influenza A virus (IAV), with an emphasis on highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viral infections. Current research indicates that miRNAs play a significant role in HPAI H5 infections, influencing various aspects of the disease process. This review aims to synthesize recent findings on the impact of different miRNAs on immune function, viral cytopathogenicity, and respiratory viral replication. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for developing new therapeutic strategies to combat avian influenza and mitigate its effects on both human and animal populations.

Keywords: H5 subtypes; avian influenza virus; miRNA.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Overview of involvement of microRNAs in different host-mediated pathways against HPAIV infection. The figure shows how microRNAs influence the virus’s entry and affect various immune response signaling pathways, leading to the differential expression of several cytokines and apoptotic factors.
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