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Review
. 2024 Jul 15;25(14):7746.
doi: 10.3390/ijms25147746.

Developments in Alloplastic Bone Grafts and Barrier Membrane Biomaterials for Periodontal Guided Tissue and Bone Regeneration Therapy

Rabia Ashfaq  1 , Anita Kovács  1 , Szilvia Berkó  1 , Mária Budai-Szűcs  1
Affiliations
Review

Developments in Alloplastic Bone Grafts and Barrier Membrane Biomaterials for Periodontal Guided Tissue and Bone Regeneration Therapy

Rabia Ashfaq et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Periodontitis is a serious form of oral gum inflammation with recession of gingival soft tissue, destruction of the periodontal ligament, and absorption of alveolar bone. Management of periodontal tissue and bone destruction, along with the restoration of functionality and structural integrity, is not possible with conventional clinical therapy alone. Guided bone and tissue regeneration therapy employs an occlusive biodegradable barrier membrane and graft biomaterials to guide the formation of alveolar bone and tissues for periodontal restoration and regeneration. Amongst several grafting approaches, alloplastic grafts/biomaterials, either derived from natural sources, synthesization, or a combination of both, offer a wide variety of resources tailored to multiple needs. Examining several pertinent scientific databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library) provided the foundation to cover the literature on synthetic graft materials and membranes, devoted to achieving periodontal tissue and bone regeneration. This discussion proceeds by highlighting potential grafting and barrier biomaterials, their characteristics, efficiency, regenerative ability, therapy outcomes, and advancements in periodontal guided regeneration therapy. Marketed and standardized quality products made of grafts and membrane biomaterials have been documented in this work. Conclusively, this paper illustrates the challenges, risk factors, and combination of biomaterials and drug delivery systems with which to reconstruct the hierarchical periodontium.

Keywords: allografts; alloplastic; autografts; guided bone regeneration; guided tissue regeneration; membrane barriers; periodontitis; synthetic biomaterials; xenografts.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Future prospects and advancements in periodontal regeneration therapy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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