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Review
. 2024 Jul 15;13(7):848.
doi: 10.3390/antiox13070848.

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Hypertension: The Insight into Antihypertensive Properties of Vitamins A, C and E

Ewelina Młynarska  1 , Laura Biskup  1 , Maria Możdżan  1 , Olivia Grygorcewicz  1 , Zofia Możdżan  1 , Jan Semeradt  1 , Michał Uramowski  1 , Jacek Rysz  2 , Beata Franczyk  2
Affiliations
Review

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Hypertension: The Insight into Antihypertensive Properties of Vitamins A, C and E

Ewelina Młynarska et al. Antioxidants (Basel). .

Abstract

Hypertension stands as a pervasive global health challenge, contributing significantly to mortality rates worldwide. Various factors, including lifestyle choices and dietary habits, contribute to the development of hypertension. In recent years, oxidative stress has garnered significant attention as a factor influencing hypertension risk, prompting a shift in research focus towards exploring it as a potential target for prevention and treatment. Antioxidants found in our diet, such as vitamins C, E and carotenoids exhibit the ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species, thereby mitigating oxidative stress. In addition, Vitamin A has an antioxidant effect despite not being an antioxidant itself. Consequently, supplementation or increased intake of these antioxidants has been hypothesized to potentially lower blood pressure levels and aid in the management of hypertension, thereby potentially prolonging life expectancy. Research findings regarding this effect have been diverse. This paper examines the existing literature demonstrating favorable outcomes associated with antioxidant supplementation.

Keywords: beta-carotene; blood pressure reduction; carotenoids; dietary antioxidants; hypertension; oxidative stress; vitamin A; vitamin C; vitamin E antioxidative properties of vitamins.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flow diagram with exclusion criteria for the selection of sources for the purpose of the review [7].
Figure 2
Figure 2
The molecular mechanisms of vitamins with antioxidative properties in the cardiovascular system [33,34,35,36].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Dietary vitamin content (mg/100 g fresh weight) and its recommended daily allowance (RDA). Based on studies of Doseděl et al. [52], Carazo et al. [53] and Zhang et al. [54]. * Vitamin A intake recommendation is usually expressed as retinol activity equivalent (REA), where 1 REA equals 1 µg of retinol equals, 12 µg of β-carotene and 24 µg of α-carotene or β-cryptoxanthin.
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