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. 2024 Jun 14;6(6):000693.v4.
doi: 10.1099/acmi.0.000693.v4. eCollection 2024.

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in saliva, stool, and urine samples of COVID-19 patients in Bihar, India

Nupur Meghna  1 , Archana Archana  1 , Divendu Bhushan  2 , Abhyuday Kumar  3 , Asim Sarfraz  1 , Bijaya Nanda Naik  4 , Binod Kumar Pati  1
Affiliations

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in saliva, stool, and urine samples of COVID-19 patients in Bihar, India

Nupur Meghna et al. Access Microbiol. .

Abstract

Introduction. The coronavirus illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 can cause multiple organ involvement, with varying degrees of severity. Besides inhalation as a route for transmission, feco-oral has also been proposed. Its transmission to sewage systems is a growing public health issue. Objective. To detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in non-respiratory samples (saliva, urine, and stool) collected from COVID-19 cases, in Bihar. Methods. This cross-sectional observational study was conducted from January 2021 to March 2022 on human non-respiratory samples. A total of 345 samples including saliva (116), stool (97), and urine (132) were collected from 143 COVID-19 cases. Samples were analysed for SARS-CoV-2 by multiplex RT-PCR targeted against E, ORF 1ab, and RdRp genes. Results. In this study, out of 143 cases, a total of 107 (74.8 %) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in at least one of the non-respiratory samples. Conclusion. There is a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in non-respiratory samples.

Keywords: multiplex RT-PCR; non-respiratory samples; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; transmission route.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.. SARS-CoV-2 RNA positivity in non-respiratory and nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) samples across the cycle threshold (CT) of NP/OP samples.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.. Correlation of the cycle threshold (CT) of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in non-respiratory samples and nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) samples.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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