International patterns and trends of childhood and adolescent cancer, 1978-2012

doi:10.1016/j.jncc.2022.02.001

. 2022 Feb 14;2(2):78-89.

doi: 10.1016/j.jncc.2022.02.001. eCollection 2022 Jun.

International patterns and trends of childhood and adolescent cancer, 1978-2012

Yawen Zhao¹, Peiyuan Sun², Jingyuan Xiao^{3

4}, Lan Jin⁵, Ning Ma⁶, Zhe Li⁷, Guoshuang Feng⁸, Huang Huang², Nicole C Deziel^{3

4}, Xiaomei Ma⁹, Xin Ni^{1

7

8}, Yawei Zhang²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
² Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
³ Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
⁴ Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
⁵ Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
⁶ Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
⁷ National Center for Pediatric Cancer Surveillance, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
⁸ Center for Bigdata Research, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
⁹ Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.

PMID: 39034956
PMCID: PMC11256536
DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2022.02.001

International patterns and trends of childhood and adolescent cancer, 1978-2012

Yawen Zhao et al. J Natl Cancer Cent. 2022.

. 2022 Feb 14;2(2):78-89.

doi: 10.1016/j.jncc.2022.02.001. eCollection 2022 Jun.

Authors

Yawen Zhao¹, Peiyuan Sun², Jingyuan Xiao^{3

4}, Lan Jin⁵, Ning Ma⁶, Zhe Li⁷, Guoshuang Feng⁸, Huang Huang², Nicole C Deziel^{3

4}, Xiaomei Ma⁹, Xin Ni^{1

7

8}, Yawei Zhang²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
² Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
³ Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
⁴ Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
⁵ Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
⁶ Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
⁷ National Center for Pediatric Cancer Surveillance, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
⁸ Center for Bigdata Research, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
⁹ Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.

PMID: 39034956
PMCID: PMC11256536
DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2022.02.001

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to provide a detailed analysis of the temporal trends of cancer incidence rates for individuals aged 0-19 years in selected regions globally from 1978 to 2012.

Methods: Data were obtained from Volumes V-XI of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5), published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. A total of 53 registries in 23 regions from the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania that contained information on cancer incidence throughout 1978-2012 (35 years) were included in this study. Joinpoint regression was used for the analysis of trends.

Results: Most regions showed increasing trends in overall childhood cancer among children (aged 0-14 years) and adolescents (aged 15-19 years). Nearly all regions showed rising trends in childhood and adolescent leukemia incidence rates, whereas the incidence of lymphoma among children generally decreased. Only France, Australia, and New Zealand showed decreasing trends for malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors among adolescents. Kidney cancer and bone cancer incidence rates remained stable for most regions. The incidence of thyroid cancer among adolescents increased in most regions and that of testicular cancer decreased in approximately one-half of the regions studied.

Conclusion: The international temporal trends of cancer incidents among children and adolescents are varied by region, cancer type, age group, and gender, and have changed over time.

Keywords: Adolescent; Cancer; Childhood; Incidence; Trend.

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Figures

**Fig. 1**
Changing patterns of cancer incidence rates among children aged 0-14 years during the period of 1978-2012.

**Fig. 1**
Changing patterns of cancer incidence rates among children aged 0-14 years during the period of 1978-2012 (continued).

**Fig. 2**
Changing patterns of cancer incidence rates among adolescents during the period of 1978-2012.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

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1. Cunningham RM, Walton MA, Carter PM. The major causes of death in children and adolescents in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(25):2468–2475. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsr1804754. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Steliarova-Foucher E, Fidler MM, Colombet M, et al. Changing geographical patterns and trends in cancer incidence in children and adolescents in Europe, 1991–2010 (Automated Childhood Cancer Information System): A population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(9):1159–1169. doi: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30423-6. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Ishihara H, Ohno Y, Fujii M, et al. Epidemiological analysis of childhood cancer in Japan based on population-based cancer registries, 1993-2009. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2017;47(7):660–663. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyx041. - DOI - PubMed
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[1] Steliarova-Foucher E, Colombet M, Ries LAG, et al. International incidence of childhood cancer, 2001–10: A population-based registry study. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(6):719–731. doi: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30186-9. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Steliarova-Foucher E, Colombet M, Ries LAG, et al. International incidence of childhood cancer, 2001–10: A population-based registry study. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(6):719–731. doi: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30186-9. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Cunningham RM, Walton MA, Carter PM. The major causes of death in children and adolescents in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(25):2468–2475. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsr1804754. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Cunningham RM, Walton MA, Carter PM. The major causes of death in children and adolescents in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(25):2468–2475. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsr1804754. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Steliarova-Foucher E, Fidler MM, Colombet M, et al. Changing geographical patterns and trends in cancer incidence in children and adolescents in Europe, 1991–2010 (Automated Childhood Cancer Information System): A population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(9):1159–1169. doi: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30423-6. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Steliarova-Foucher E, Fidler MM, Colombet M, et al. Changing geographical patterns and trends in cancer incidence in children and adolescents in Europe, 1991–2010 (Automated Childhood Cancer Information System): A population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(9):1159–1169. doi: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30423-6. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Ishihara H, Ohno Y, Fujii M, et al. Epidemiological analysis of childhood cancer in Japan based on population-based cancer registries, 1993-2009. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2017;47(7):660–663. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyx041. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Ishihara H, Ohno Y, Fujii M, et al. Epidemiological analysis of childhood cancer in Japan based on population-based cancer registries, 1993-2009. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2017;47(7):660–663. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyx041. - DOI - PubMed

[9] AIRTUM Working Group; CCM; AIEOP Working Group Italian cancer figures, report 2012: Cancer in children and adolescents. Epidemiol Prev. 2013;37(1 Suppl 1):1–225. - PubMed

[10] AIRTUM Working Group; CCM; AIEOP Working Group Italian cancer figures, report 2012: Cancer in children and adolescents. Epidemiol Prev. 2013;37(1 Suppl 1):1–225. - PubMed

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International patterns and trends of childhood and adolescent cancer, 1978-2012

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International patterns and trends of childhood and adolescent cancer, 1978-2012

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