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Review
. 2024 Jun 21;29(6):225.
doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2906225.

The Role of FOXA1 in Human Normal Development and Its Functions in Sex Hormone-Related Cancers

Juan Zhu  1 , Yunjian Wei  1 , Fangnan Deng  1 , Ying Zhou  1 , Zaijia Yang  2 , Yanlin Ma  1
Affiliations
Free article
Review

The Role of FOXA1 in Human Normal Development and Its Functions in Sex Hormone-Related Cancers

Juan Zhu et al. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). .
Free article

Abstract

Transcription factors (TFs) are essential proteins regulating gene expression by binding to specific nucleotide sequences upstream of genes. Among TF families, the forkhead box (FOX) proteins, characterized by a conserved DNA-binding domain, play vital roles in various cellular processes, including cancer. The FOXA subfamily, encompassing FOXA1, FOXA2, and FOXA3, stands out for its pivotal role in mammalian development. FOXA1, initially identified in the liver, exhibits diverse expression across multiple organ tissues and plays a critical role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and tumor development. Its structural composition includes transactivation domains and a DNA-binding domain, facilitating its function as a pioneer factor, which is crucial for chromatin interaction and the recruitment of other transcriptional regulators. The involvement of FOXA1 in sex hormone-related tumors underscores its significance in cancer biology. This review provides an overview of multifaceted roles of FOXA1 in normal development and its implications in the pathogenesis of hormone-related cancers, particularly breast cancer and prostate cancer.

Keywords: FOXA1; breast cancer; development; organogenesis; prostate cancer; transcription factor.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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