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Review
. 2024 Jun 13;25(12):6539.
doi: 10.3390/ijms25126539.

The Role of the Microbiota in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis-A Literature Review

Martyna Wrześniewska  1 , Julia Wołoszczak  1 , Gabriela Świrkosz  1 , Hubert Szyller  1 , Krzysztof Gomułka  2
Affiliations
Review

The Role of the Microbiota in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis-A Literature Review

Martyna Wrześniewska et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with a high prevalence worldwide. AD pathogenesis is complex and consists of immune system dysregulation and impaired skin barrier, influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The purpose of the review is to show the complex interplay between atopic dermatitis and the microbiota. Human microbiota plays an important role in AD pathogenesis and the course of the disease. Dysbiosis is an important factor contributing to the development of atopic diseases, including atopic dermatitis. The gut microbiota can influence the composition of the skin microbiota, strengthening the skin barrier and regulating the immune response via the involvement of bacterial metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids, in signaling pathways of the gut-skin axis. AD can be modulated by antibiotic intake, dietary adjustments, hygiene, and living conditions. One of the promising strategies for modulating the course of AD is probiotics. This review offers a summary of how the microbiota influences the development and treatment of AD, highlighting aspects that warrant additional investigation.

Keywords: atopic dermatitis; atopy; diet; eczema; environment; gut microbiome; hygiene; microbiota; probiotics; treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Gut–Skin axis in AD. Changes in the composition of gut and skin microbiota related to interacting with each other through signaling pathways. Decreased (↓) activity of intestinal commensals: Lactobacillus, Bifidobaterium, Akkermansia, Corynebacterium and F.prausnitzii, and an increase (↑) in the activity of other intestinal residents: E.coli, Clostridium difficile and Bacteroides, causes a disruption in the transmission of signaling pathways which affects the structure of the skin microbiota.
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