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. 2024:1441:145-153.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_7.

Inflow Tract Development

Andy Wessels  1
Affiliations

Inflow Tract Development

Andy Wessels. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024.

Abstract

The development of the inflow tract is undoubtedly one of the most complex remodeling events in the formation of the four-chambered heart. It involves the creation of two separate atrial chambers, the formation of an atrial/atrioventricular (AV) septal complex, the incorporation of the caval veins and coronary sinus into the right atrium, and the remodeling events that result in pulmonary venous return draining into the left atrium. In these processes, the atrioventricular mesenchymal complex, consisting of the major atrioventricular (AV) cushions, the mesenchymal cap on the primary atrial septum (pAS), and the dorsal mesenchymal protrusion (DMP), plays a crucial role.

Keywords: AV cushion; AVSD; Atrioventricular cushion; BMP2; Bone morphogenetic protein 2; Coronary sinus; Dorsal mesenchymal protrusion; Dorsal mesocardium; FHF; First heart field; Islet1; Left atrium; Mesenchymal cap; Nkx2-5; OFT; Ostium primum; Outflow tract; PFO; Patent foramen ovale; Pulmonary vein; Pulmonary venous return; SHF; Second heart field; Septum primum; Septum secundum; Sinus venosus; TGFb2; Transforming growth factor-β 2; Venous pole.

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