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Clinical Trial
. 2024 Jul 18;391(3):203-212.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2402980. Epub 2024 Jun 14.

Tenecteplase for Ischemic Stroke at 4.5 to 24 Hours without Thrombectomy

Yunyun Xiong  1 , Bruce C V Campbell  1 , Lee H Schwamm  1 , Xia Meng  1 , Aoming Jin  1 , Mark W Parsons  1 , Marc Fisher  1 , Yong Jiang  1 , Fengyuan Che  1 , Lihua Wang  1 , Li Zhou  1 , Hongguo Dai  1 , Xintong Liu  1 , Yuesong Pan  1 , Chunmiao Duan  1 , Yuming Xu  1 , Anding Xu  1 , Lixia Zong  1 , Zefeng Tan  1 , Wanxing Ye  1 , Hao Wang  1 , Ziran Wang  1 , Manjun Hao  1 , Zhixin Cao  1 , Liyuan Wang  1 , Shuangzhe Wu  1 , Hao Li  1 , Zixiao Li  1 , Xingquan Zhao  1 , Yongjun Wang  1 ; TRACE-III Investigators
Collaborators, Affiliations
Clinical Trial

Tenecteplase for Ischemic Stroke at 4.5 to 24 Hours without Thrombectomy

Yunyun Xiong et al. N Engl J Med. .

Abstract

Background: Tenecteplase is an effective thrombolytic agent for eligible patients with stroke who are treated within 4.5 hours after the onset of stroke. However, data regarding the effectiveness of tenecteplase beyond 4.5 hours are limited.

Methods: In a trial conducted in China, we randomly assigned patients with large-vessel occlusion of the middle cerebral artery or internal carotid artery who had salvageable brain tissue as identified on perfusion imaging and who did not have access to endovascular thrombectomy to receive tenecteplase (at a dose of 0.25 mg per kilogram of body weight; maximum dose, 25 mg) or standard medical treatment 4.5 to 24 hours after the time that the patient was last known to be well (including after stroke on awakening and unwitnessed stroke). The primary outcome was the absence of disability, which was defined as a score of 0 or 1 on the modified Rankin scale (range, 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater disability), at day 90. The key safety outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and death.

Results: A total of 516 patients were enrolled; 264 were randomly assigned to receive tenecteplase and 252 to receive standard medical treatment. Less than 2% of the patients (4 in the tenecteplase group and 5 in the standard-treatment group) underwent rescue endovascular thrombectomy. Treatment with tenecteplase resulted in a higher percentage of patients with a modified Rankin scale score of 0 or 1 at 90 days than standard medical treatment (33.0% vs. 24.2%; relative rate, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.81; P = 0.03). Mortality at 90 days was 13.3% with tenecteplase and 13.1% with standard medical treatment, and the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 36 hours after treatment was 3.0% and 0.8%, respectively.

Conclusions: In this trial involving Chinese patients with ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion, most of whom did not undergo endovascular thrombectomy, treatment with tenecteplase administered 4.5 to 24 hours after stroke onset resulted in less disability and similar survival as compared with standard medical treatment, and the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage appeared to be higher. (Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and others; TRACE-III ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05141305.).

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